| Phidippus apacheanus | |
|---|---|
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| Female | |
 | |
| Male | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Phidippus |
| Species: | P. apacheanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 | |
Phidippus apacheanus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Cuba. [1] [2] [3] [4]
It is large for a jumping spider, small males of this species measure 3.3mm and large female can measure up to 22mm. They are black with some orange, red or yellow coloration on top. The females usually have a black line on the abdomen. With the chelicarae being an iridescent green. It is thought they are mimics of the western velvet ant Dasymutilla flammifera or the Mutillidae family as a whole, both mimicking their coloration and their general shape. [5] [6]
These spiders have an interesting courtship display, the males first holds his carapace high, shifting the abdomen to one side and raising the first pair of legs. In this position he advances in a zigzag, stopping every few steps, shifting his abdomen to the opposite side after each approach. While doing this the male flicks his pedipalps up and down, first holding them far apart, and slowly closing them together as he approaches the female. He then does this until the tips touch and form a circle. The female if she has accepted the male will do an acceptance dance, then the male cautiously touches the female. [5]
The acceptance dance of the female involves her having the pedipalps high and far apart, with the abdomen to the side. The female then sways before the male, sometimes going side to side. After this dance the male climbs over the female, and uses the pedipalps to help her turn her abdomen. Then the male inserts his pedipalp to her genital pore. [5]
This species has been observed in the United States, Mexico and Cuba, they are found in a great variety of habitats, such as grasslands, fields and deserts. Usually being found between 500 and 1800 m above sea level. [5] [6]
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems. Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large.
The zebra jumping spider is a common jumping spider of the Northern Hemisphere. Their common name refers to their vivid black-and-white colouration, whilst their scientific name derives from Salticus from the Latin for “dancing”, in reference to their agility, and the Greek scenicus, translating to “theatrical” or “of a decorative place,” in reference to the flashy, zebra-like coloration of the species.
Phidippus audax, the bold jumper or bold jumping spider, is a common species of spider belonging to the genus Phidippus, a group of jumping spiders easily identified by their large eyes and their iridescent chelicerae. Like all jumping spiders, they have excellent stereoscopic vision that aids them in stalking prey and facilitates visual communication with potential mates during courting. Bold jumping spiders are native to North America and have been introduced to Hawaii, Nicobar Islands, Azores, and the Netherlands. They are typically black with a distinct white triangle on their abdomen.
Hentzia is a genus of the spider family Salticidae subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and surrounding areas, with the greatest species diversity occurring in Cuba, which has seven species. Some outlier species, such as Hentzia poenitens and Hentzia fimbriata are found in western North America. It appears to be closely related to the genus Anicius from which it differs primarily in certain anatomical details.
Maratus volans is a species in the jumping spider family (Salticidae), belonging to the genus Maratus. These spiders are native to certain areas in Australia and occupy a wide distribution of habitats. They have a specialized visual system that allows them to see the full visible spectrum as well as in the UV-range; this helps them detect and pursue prey. Males of this species are characterized by their colorful abdomen flaps that are used to attract females during courtship.
Phidippus johnsoni, the red-backed jumping spider, is one of the largest and most commonly encountered jumping spiders of western North America. It is not to be confused with the unrelated and highly venomous redback spider.
Phidippus californicus is a species of jumping spider. It is found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Cosmophasis umbratica is a species of jumping spider found in South and Southeast Asia. These spiders are known for their brilliant, shiny ultraviolet light. They are members of the family Salticidae and the genus Cosmophasis. They are commonly spotted on green vegetation. C. umbratica shows extreme dimorphism when viewed under UV light: males reflect UV on all body parts that are displayed during intraspecific interaction, while females and juveniles do not reflect UV at all. It seems that C. umbratica uses this in sexual signaling. A similar phenomenon is found in some butterflies. For example, several species of Colias and Gonepteryx, both of the family Pieridae, also display sexual signaling.
Anasaitis canosa, previously of the genus Corythalia, is a small jumping spider that can typically be found atop leaf-litter or man-made structures such as fences and exterior walls. This species is more commonly known as the twin-flagged jumping spider due to the two pennant shaped markings on the dorsal side of the cephalothorax. Typical of the genus Anasaitis, this species has iridescent setae ("scales") which may appear white, green or pink which create the "flags" as well as patches on the male pedipalps used in courtship and intraspecific signaling. This species is roughly 5 to 6 mm in length. A. canosa ranges from Mexico to South Carolina along the Gulf of Mexico.
Phidippus Clarus, also known as the Brilliant Jumping Spider, is a species of jumping spider found in old fields throughout eastern North America. It often waits upside down near the top of a plant, which may be useful for detecting prey, and then quickly jumps down before the prey can escape. The spider is one of 60 species in the genus Phidippus, and one of about 5,000 in the Salticidae, a family that accounts for about 10% of all spider species. P. clarus is a predator, mostly consuming insects, other spiders, and other terrestrial arthropods.
Phidippus adumbratus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Habronattus pyrrithrix is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the southwestern United States and western Mexico.
Phidippus insignarius is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States.
Eris militaris, known commonly as the bronze jumper or bronze lake jumper, is a species of jumping spider, belonging to the Salticidae family. It is found in the United States and Canada within both suburban and rural areas. The male and female of this species can be differentiated from their size or by the coloration on their cephalothorax and abdomen. The females have a lighter cephalothorax a slightly darker abdomen with white spots. They are active in the autumn and winter season and can be found in sheltered areas within vegetation. They can also be found living within apple orchards, where insecticides may be present, which can potentially effect or alter their personality and behavior. Their diet consists of small insects, almost anything they can hold.
Phidippus carolinensis is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Pelegrina aeneola is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in North America. Not much is known about this species.
Phidippus nikites is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Phidippus tux, the jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Phidippus cryptus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
Irura bidenticulata, commonly known as the purple-gold jumping spider, is a species of salticid. As the name implies, while females tend to take on a more dull coloration, males are characterized by their striking, shiny magenta-gold patterned bodies. Discovered in 2011, the spider had initially been mistaken for a member of the Simaetha genus. Native to regions of Southeast Asia, it was first spotted in Hainan, China, having since also been located in the Saraburi province of Thailand, Cambodia, Hong Kong, and Assam.
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