Philippine National Guard | |
---|---|
Founded | 1917 – 1921 |
Country | United States |
Allegiance | Philippine Island |
Branch | United States Army |
Type | National Guard |
Role | Provide soldiers to the U.S. Army in national emergencies or when requested by the President of the United States; |
Size | 25,000 soldiers |
Part of | National Guard Bureau United States Department of War |
Engagements | World War I |
Commanders | |
Commander-in-chief | Governor General of the Philippines |
Notable commanders | Gen. John J. Pershing |
The Philippine National Guard was a militia created by the Philippine Assembly in 1917. [1] It would serve under General John Pershing in Europe during World War I. The Philippine Legislature, led by Senate President Manuel Quezon, offered the United States some assistance during World War I. It had 25,000 soldiers when it was absorbed by the National Army. [2] [3] The total cost of raising the unit was under three million dollars. [4] This unit, however, was not able to see action, [5] [6] for it was only mustered into federal service on Armistice Day and would never leave the islands. [7]
After the war, the entire National Guard unit was deactivated, then formally disbanded in 1921. Its officers were placed on the reserve list. [8] It cost the Insular Government nearly 4.8 million pesos. [9]
The Philippine National Guard included elements of the United States Army Air Service. Those selected were sent to train at the Curtiss School of Aviation, flying Curtiss Jennys. [10]
This article presents a timeline of Philippine political history focused on governmental transitions of the Philippine archipelago, major polities, invasion attempts, and insurgency movements from the pre-Hispanic period to the present. The information presented here is highly summarized, and more complete information can be found in more detailed articles linked below.
Leonard Wood was a United States Army major general, physician, and public official. He served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba, and Governor-General of the Philippines. He began his military career as an army doctor on the frontier, where he received the Medal of Honor. During the Spanish–American War, he commanded the Rough Riders, with Theodore Roosevelt as his second-in-command. Wood was bypassed for a major command in World War I, but then became a prominent Republican Party leader and a leading candidate for the 1920 presidential nomination.
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The Philippine–American War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899–1902), was an armed conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and the government of the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following the Philippines being acquired by the United States from Spain. This article lists significant events from before, during, and after that war, with links to other articles containing more detail.
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The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advance firearms and ammunition later on return to the archipelago.
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The Political Constitution of 1899, informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was promulgated on January 21, 1899.
The Insular Government of the Philippine Islands was an unincorporated territory of the United States that was established in 1902 and was reorganized in 1935 in preparation for later independence. The Insular Government was preceded by the United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands and was followed by the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
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