The New Mexico Army National Guard (NM ARNG) is a component of the United States Army and the New Mexico National Guard. The NM ARNG traces its history back to units formed when New Mexico was still a territory.
The first Territorial Militia was provided for by a system of laws devised by General Stephen W. Kearny, commonly known as the Kearny Code, after Kearny occupied New Mexico in 1846.[1] Then in 1851 the first territorial Legislature created the office of Adjutant General and placed the territorial Militia under its jurisdiction.
In 1862, the Territorial Militia, also known as the New Mexico Volunteers, played a decisive role in the defeat of Confederate forces in the Battle of Glorieta Pass. During 1863 and 1864, the Militia was also active in Navajo and other Indian campaigns of the period.
The New Mexico Volunteer Militia was redesignated 17 March 1897 as the New Mexico National Guard.
After the Spanish–American War began in 1898, volunteer forces were organized, which included Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders." Many New Mexico Guardsmen helped form the 2nd Squadron, 1st United States Cavalry, which served with Roosevelt at the legendary charge of San Juan Hill.
After the war with Spain, units of the New Mexico National Guard were again placed in active service on the Mexican border to pursue Pancho Villa after Mexican forces raided Columbus, New Mexico in 1916. The Guard spent one year on this border duty, hardening themselves to the rough field conditions of the desert southwest.
After World War I, the Guard in New Mexico began to be reorganized under the National Defense Act of 1920, eventually forming the 111th Cavalry Regiment, the 120th Engineers (less the Medical Detachment and 1st Battalion), and Battery A, 158th Field Artillery. In 1939, the War Department suggested the 111th Cavalry convert to another branch of service, and the officers of the command jointly selected Coast Artillery. In 1940, the 111th was re-designated the 200th Coast Artillery and the battery of the 158th was reorganized as part of the new 104th Anti-Tank Battalion. In 1940-41, the entire New Mexico National Guard was called to active duty for what was supposed to be a one-year training period.
In August 1941, the 200th was given notice that it had been selected for an overseas assignment of great importance. At about 0300 hours on 8 December 1941, the 200th went on full alert when the night radio crew picked up commercial broadcasts telling of the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
During the 1983–1989 time frame the New Mexico Army National Guard began a complete modernization program to gain high technology type units. The 5th Battalion, 200th Air Defense Artillery (Roland) was fielded at McGregor Range (a part of Fort Bliss located in New Mexico). This unit was inactivated in September 1988 due to Federal budget cuts. A complete conversion of Duster battalions to MIM-72 Chaparral battalions was accomplished. A new anti-aircraft missile battalion equipped with the MIM-23 Hawk was put in place at Rio Rancho, New Mexico.
On 1 October 1993, the Headquarters Battery, 2d Battalion, 200th Air Defense Artillery was expanded to form the 2d Battalion, 200th Air Defense Artillery. The battalion was converted, reorganized, and redesignated 15 December 1995 as the 202d Field Artillery, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Battalion.[2]
In 2005, the 3d Battalion, 200th Air Defense Artillery, was reorganized as the 1st Battalion, 200th Infantry Regiment.[3]
On 1 February 2008, the 111th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, New Mexico National Guard, ceased its air defense mission and was reorganized and redesignated as a maneuver enhancement brigade. It was subsequently converted to a sustainment brigade.
Units
The New Mexico Army National Guard includes the following units:[4]
The 200th Coast Artillery (AA) (200 CA) was a United States Army unit during the first half of World War II. Today descendant elements serve with the New Mexico Army National Guard as the 200th Infantry.
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States, as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole. It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.
The New Mexico National Guard is the militia of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Comprising the New Mexico Army National Guard and the New Mexico Air National Guard, it is part of the National Guard of the United States, a reserve force under both state and federal jurisdiction.
The Virginia National Guard is part of the National Guard of the United States, a dual federal-state military reserve force. It consists of the Virginia Army National Guard and Virginia Air National Guard.. The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President of the United States in accordance with Title 10 of the United States Code.
The Arizona Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
The New York Army National Guard is a component of the New York National Guard and the Army National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the United States Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
The Florida Army National Guard is Florida's component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. In the United States, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the federal army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. Federal coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. The Florida Army National Guard was composed of approximately 10,000 soldiers. The main state training grounds is Camp Blanding.
The Pennsylvania Army National Guard, abbreviated PAARNG, is part of the United States Army National Guard and is based in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Together with the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, it is directed by the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. The PAARNG maintains 124 armories and is present in 87 communities across the Commonwealth.
The Alabama Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
The California Army National Guard is one of three components of the California National Guard, a reserve of the United States Army, and part of the National Guard of the United States. The California Army National Guard is composed of 18,450 soldiers. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
The Illinois Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. With the Illinois Air National Guard it forms the Illinois National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. The Illinois Army National Guard is composed of approximately 10,000 soldiers.
The South Carolina Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the U.S. Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. National coordination of various state National Guard units is maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
The Texas Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army, the United States National Guard and the Texas Military Forces.
The 111th Sustainment Brigade is a sustainment brigade of the New Mexico Army National Guard, headquartered at Rio Rancho.
The 111th Cavalry Regiment was a regiment in the New Mexico National Guard, not to be confused with California's 111th Armored Cavalry Regiment. From 1 November 1921 to 1 February 1922 the regiment's 2nd Squadron was a Colorado National Guard unit. After 2005 its lineage was carried by the 200th Infantry Regiment of the New Mexico National Guard.
The 111th Aviation Regiment is an army aviation regiment of the United States Army and the Florida National Guard.
The 140th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army. It has historically been associated with the California Army National Guard's 40th Infantry Division.
The 171st Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army.
The 515th Coast Artillery was a regiment of the United States Army first created in the early 1920s.
↑ Field Artillery Part 2: Army Lineage Series, compiled by Janice E. McKenney, Centre for Military History, revised edition, first published 1985, 1262.
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