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The Pentatomoidea are a superfamily of insects in the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera. As hemipterans, they possess a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. The roughly 7000 species under Pentatomoidea are divided into 21 families. Among these are the stink bugs and shield bugs, jewel bugs, giant shield bugs, and burrower bugs.
Pentatomidae is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called shield bugs or stink bugs. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species. As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.
Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs. They are commonly known as jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration. With the name based on the Asian genus Scutellera, they are also known as shield-backed bugs due to the enlargement of the thoracic scutellum into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings. This latter characteristic distinguishes them from most other families within Heteroptera, and may lead to misidentification as a beetle rather than a bug. These insects feed on plant juices from a variety of different species, including some commercial crops. Closely related to stink bugs, they may also produce an offensive odour when disturbed. There are around 450 species worldwide.
The Pentatomomorpha comprise an infraorder of insects in the true bug order Hemiptera. It unites such animals as the stink bugs (Pentatomidae), flat bugs (Aradidae), seed bugs, etc. They are closely related to the Cimicomorpha.
Acanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named "shield bugs" or "stink bugs". Kumar in his 1974 world revision recognized 47 genera; now this number is 55 genera, with about 200 species, and it is one of the least diverse families within Pentatomoidea. The Acanthosomatidae species are found throughout the world, being most abundant in high-latitude temperate regions and in subtropical regions at high altitudes.
Asopinae are a subfamily of stink bugs. They are predatory stink bugs that are useful as biological control agents against pests, even against other Pentatomid species, which are all herbivorous.
The green stink bug or green soldier bug is a stink bug of the family Pentatomidae.
The brown marmorated stink bug is an insect in the family Pentatomidae, native to China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian regions. In September 1998, it was collected in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where it is believed to have been accidentally introduced. The nymphs and adults of the brown marmorated stink bug feed on over 100 species of plants, including many agricultural crops, and by 2010–11 had become a season-long pest in orchards in the Eastern United States. In 2010, in the Mid-Atlantic United States, $37 million in apple crops were lost, and some stone fruit growers lost more than 90% of their crops. Since the 2010s, the bug has spread to countries such as Georgia and Turkey and caused extensive damage to hazelnut production. It is now established in many parts of North America, and has recently become established in Europe and South America.
The Alcaeorrhynchus grandis is a genus species of the family Pentatomidae. Also known as Giant Strong-nosed Stink Bug, the Alcaeorrhynchus grandis can be found through Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and the southern United States. As a predator, this stink bug can follow frass trails created by prey.
Eysarcoris is a genus of shield bugs belonging to the family Pentatomidae, subfamily Pentatominae, and typical of the tribe Eysarcorini.
Pinthaeus sanguinipes is a species of stink bug.
Perillus is a genus of predatory stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are about seven described species in Perillus.
Mormidea is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are about five described species in Mormidea.
Vulsirea is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are at least two described species in Vulsirea.
Chlorocoris is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are about six described species in Chlorocoris.
Oebalus is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are about six described species in Oebalus.
Mecideini is a tribe of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There is at least one genus, Mecidea, in Mecideini.
Piezodorus guildinii, known generally as red-banded stink bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. Other common names include the small green stink bug and alfalfa bug.
Edessa bifida is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Some have proposed elevating the preexisting subgenus Ascra to genus status, thereby reclassifying E. bifida as Ascra bifida.
Stiretrus anchorago, commonly known as the anchor stink bug, is a species of predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America and North America. It is known to prey upon Epilachna varivestis and Hypera postica.
References
- ↑ De Clercq, Patrick (2008). "Predatory Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Asopinae)". In Capinera, John L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. pp. 3042–3045. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3115. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
- ↑ Zhao, Qing; Redei, David & Bu, Wenjun (2013). "A revision of the genus Pinthaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)". Zootaxa. 3636 (1): 59–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3636.1.3. PMID 26042284. Abstract, Introduction
