Planaterga Temporal range: Middle Ordovician – present, | |
---|---|
Fossil of Limuloides limuloides , a bunodid | |
Eatoniana namaquensis , a mite arachnid | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Clade: | Prosomapoda |
Clade: | Planaterga Lamsdell, 2013 |
Groups | |
Planaterga is a clade of prosomapod euchelicerates including several synziphosurid genera (mainly bunodids and pseudoniscids) and the group Dekatriata (which in turn includes arachnids, chasmataspidids and eurypterids). [1] Planaterga is defined by the opisthosoma with tergites broadest at third or fourth and lacking enlarged axial nodes, carapace (prosomal dorsal shield) with reduced genal spines, as well as somite VII (first opisthosomal segment) with reduced appendages and microtergite. [1]
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) that human-made CO2 emissions are driving it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There were 192 parties (Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012) to the Protocol in 2020.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, it has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide.
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Bembicosoma is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Bembicosoma was regarded as part of the clade Planaterga. Fossils of the single and type species, B. pomphicus, have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in the Pentland Hills, Scotland. Bembicosoma had been tentatively assigned as an eurypterid before its synziphosurine affinities revealed.
Bunaia is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Bunaia was tentatively placed as part of the clade Planaterga. The genus contains at least one species: Bunaia woodwardi from the Silurian period in Svalbard, Norway. Only a few morphological information of B. woodwardi had been confirmed, as the species known only from poorly preserved specimens compose of semicircular carapace, fragments of opisthosoma and disarticulated telson. The placement of "Bunaia" heintzi within this genus had been questioned and required further investigation.
Bunodes is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Bunodes was regarded as part of the clade Planaterga. Fossils of the single and type species, B. lunula, have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in Ludlow, England. Bunodes is the type genus of the family Bunodidae, the other genera of the same family being Limuloides.
Cyamocephalus is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Cyamocephalus was regarded as part of the clade Planaterga. Fossils of the single and type species, C. loganensis, have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in Lesmahagow, Scotland. Cyamocephalus is one of the two members of the family Pseudoniscidae, the other being Pseudoniscus. Cyamocephalus differ from Pseudoniscus by the fused tergites of 6th and 7th opisthosomal segments.
Pasternakevia is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Pasternakevia was regarded as part of the clade Planaterga. Fossils of the single and type species, P. podolica, have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in Podolia, Ukraine.
Pseudoniscidae is an extinct family of synziphosurine chelicerates that lived in the Silurian. Pseudoniscidae is classified inside the clade Planaterga, alongside Bunodidae and Dekatriata. Pseudoniscidae is composed by two genera, Cyamocephalus and Pseudoniscus.
Prosomapoda is a clade of euchelicerates including the groups Xiphosura and Planaterga, as well as several basal synziphosurid genera. The clade is defined by the lack of exopods of prosomal appendage II-V in the adult instar, where in contrast the exopods of appendage II-V are well-developed in the non-prosomapod euchelicerates Offacolus and Dibasterium.
Bunodidae is an extinct family of synziphosurine chelicerates that lived in the Silurian. Bunodidae is classified inside the clade Planaterga alongside Pseudoniscidae and Dekatriata. Bunodidae is composed by two genera, Bunodes and Limuloides.