The Opiliones are an order of arachnids, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. As of July 2024, over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014.
Cosmetidae is a family of harvestmen in the suborder Laniatores. With over 700 species, it is one of the largest families in Opiliones. They are endemic of the New World with a Nearctic-Neotropical distribution where a large fraction of the diversity of Opiliones are represented by this single family. Cosmetidae have the northern extent of their range into the USA, where a small number species occur in the southern states. However, the family is especially diverse in Mexico, Central America and northern South America; especially the Andean realms. Their range also extends further south into Argentina and southern Brazil, but they are absent in Chile. Cosmetidae are prevalent in Amazonian region, but only relatively few also occur in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Several species are also found in the Caribbean.
The Sclerosomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 1,300 known species. One former subfamily has been recently removed to form a new family, Globipedidae.
Epedanidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about 200 described species. They are the sister group of the Gonyleptoidea.
The Stygnidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores.
Agoristenidae are a neotropical harvestman family of the Suborder Laniatores, in the superfamily Gonyleptoidea.
The Cranaidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores.
Escadabiidae is a small neotropical family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with six described species.
Podoctidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about 130 described species.
The Cladonychiidae are a small family of harvestman with about 33 described species, within the suborder Laniatores.
Yania is a genus of harvestmen from South America. Yania flavolimbata is the only species in the monotypic genus Yania. It was first described by Roewer, 1914.
Eutimesius is a genus of harvestmen in the family Stygnidae with five described species. All species are found in South America.
Metopilio is a genus of harvestmen in the family Globipedidae from Mexico and Central America.
Taracidae is a family of harvestmen in the order Opiliones. There are 4 genera and 23 described species in Taracidae.
Poecilaemula eutypa is a species of harvestmen from Central America in the family Cosmetidae. It was first described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1925.
The harvestman family Globipedidae is a small lineage comprising 6 genera and some 33 species. They occur in various parts of North America and Central America. They were formerly included as a subfamily of Sclerosomatidae.
Metergininae is a subfamily of harvestmen in the family Cosmetidae.
Poecilaemula is a genus of harvestmen in the family Cosmetidae with eight described species. All species are from Central America or South America. An overview of the taxonomy was provided by Medrano et al. (2024)
Poecilaemula iching is a species of harvestmen from Central America in the family Cosmetidae. It was first described in 2024 by Medrano, Kury, Martins, and Proud.
Petrobunidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores, Epedanoidea with about 8 described extant species.
