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The French Poll Tax of 1695 was established by King Louis XIV in order to finance the War of the League of Augsburg. The traditional methods of war financing had been exhausted. Vauban and Chamlay favoured taxation of the rich and privileged. Yet Pontchartrain refused to propose any measures beyond the traditional. But Basville took the initiative to a poll tax plan, and circumvented the inner circles in Paris by having it formally presented to the King by the Estates of Languedoc. As a universal tax on persons, the poll tax affected all of the three estates in all the provinces of France. Exceptions were only made for members of the mendicant orders and for the poor certified by the priest, and for those who would pay less than 2 livres in poll tax. The taxpayers were divided into twenty-two classes. Members of each class paid a fixed sum of tax. Inclusion in each class was determined not by wealth, but by rank and status. The clergy paid a lump sum of 4 million livres per year instead of being individually taxed. French historians have studied the social implications of the classifications in the schedule to the poll tax decree. Bluche and Solnon maintain that the poll tax schedule constitutes a veritable social hierarchy of France. Alain Guery rejects that the schedule to the poll tax corresponds to a social hierarchy.
References
Citations
- ↑ This lead is a summary of the article. Citations are found in the main text.
- ↑ Dowell 1884, pp. 102-103.
- 1 2 Fenwyck 1998. p. xiv.
- 1 2 Dowell 1884, p. 104.
- 1 2 Mortimer 1764, p. 704.
- ↑ Dowell 1884, pp. 104-105.
- ↑ Byrne 2020, pp. 26-28.
- ↑ Dowell 1884, p. 107.
- 1 2 Mackie 1998, p. 14.
- 1 2 Mortimer 1764, pp. 704-705.
- ↑ Byrne 2020, pp. 26-27.
- ↑ Byrne 2020, p. 27.
- ↑ Byrne 2020, pp. 27-28.
- ↑ Byrne 2020, pp. 28-29.
- 1 2 Mackie 1998, pp. 12-14.
- ↑ "Rotulus parliamenti tenti apud Westm' in XV. pasche, anno regni regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum Anglie secundo." British History Online. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
Cited literature
- Byrne, Sandie (2020). Poetry and Class. Springer Switzerland.
- Dowell, Stephen (1884). A History of Taxation and Taxes in England. Vol. 1. Taxation, from the earliest times to the Civil War. Longmand, Green & Co.
- Fenwick, Carolyn C. (1998). The Poll Taxes of 1377, 1379, and 1381. Part 1. Bedfordshire-Leicestershire. Oxford University Press.
- Mackie, Frederick Peter (1998). The clerical population of the Province of York: An edition of the clerical poll tax enrolments 1377-1381. Ph.D. thesis. Department of History. University of York.
- Mortimer, Thomas (1764). A New History of England. J. Wilson & J. Fell, Paternoster-Row.