Ponceau 2R

Last updated
Ponceau 2R
Ponceau de Xylidin.svg
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.021.072 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 223-178-3
MeSH ponceau+2R
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C18H16N2O7S2/c1-10-3-6-15(11(2)7-10)19-20-17-14-5-4-13(28(22,23)24)8-12(14)9-16(18(17)21)29(25,26)27/h3-9,21H,1-2H3,(H,22,23,24)(H,25,26,27)
    Key: YYYARFHFWYKNLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)NN=C2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)O)C=C(C2=O)S(=O)(=O)O)C
Properties
C18H16N2O7S2
Molar mass 436.461
Hazards [1]
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
Warning
H351
P201, P202, P280, P308+P313, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)
Infobox references

Ponceau 2R, Xylidine ponceau, Ponceau G, Red R, Acid Red 26, Food Red 5, or C.I. 16150 is a red azo dye used in histology for staining. It is easily soluble in water and slightly in ethanol. It usually comes as a disodium salt.

Xylidine ponceau is mostly used only in the Masson's trichrome stain as a red counterstain, where it imparts orange hue to the red-stained cytoplasmic structures.

Its other names are: Acetacid red J, Acidal ponceau G, Acid leather red KPR, Acid leather red P2R, Acid leather scarlet IRW, Acid ponceau R, Acid ponceau 2RL, Acid ponceau special, Acid scarlet, Acid scarlet 2RL, Acid scarlet 2RN, Acilan ponceau RRL, Ahcocid fast scarlet R, Aizen ponceau RH, Amacid lake scarlet 2R, Amacid scarlet 2R, Brilliant ponceau G, Calcocid 2RIL, Calcocid scarlet 2R, Calcocid scarlet 2RIL, Calcolake scarlet 2R, Certicol ponceau MXS, C.I. Acid red 26, C.I. Food red 5, Colacid ponceau special, Comacid scarlet 2R D and C red No. 5, Edicol supra ponceau R, Fenazo scarlet 2R, Hexacol ponceau MX, Hexacol ponceau 2R, Hidacid scarlet 2R, Hispacid ponceau R, Java ponceau 2R, Kiton ponceau R, Kiton scarlet 2RC, Lake ponceau, Lake scarlet R, Lake scarlet 2RBN, Naphthalene lake scarlet R, Naphthalene scarlet R, Naphthazine scarlet 2R, Neklacid red RR, New ponceau 4R, Paper red HRR, Pigment ponceau R, Ponceau BNA, Ponceau de xylidine, Ponceau R, Ponceau red, Ponceau RG, Ponceau xylidine, 1695 Red, Red for lakes J, Red R, Tertracid ponceau 2R, Xylidine ponceau 3RS, Xylidine red.

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Dye Soluble chemical substance or natural material which can impart color to other materials

A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.

Naphthalene Chemical compound

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C
10
H
8
. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.

Food coloring Dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink

Food coloring, or color additive, is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink. They come in many forms consisting of liquids, powders, gels, and pastes. Food coloring is used in both commercial food production and domestic cooking. Food colorants are also used in a variety of non-food applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, home craft projects, and medical devices.

Mordant Substance used for binding dyes to fabrics

A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric. It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations. Although mordants are still used, especially by small batch dyers, it has been largely displaced in industry by directs.

Carmine Pigment, aluminum salt of caminic acid

Carmine – also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120. Carmine is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.

Coomassie brilliant blue Chemical compound

Coomassie brilliant blue is the name of two similar triphenylmethane dyes that were developed for use in the textile industry but are now commonly used for staining proteins in analytical biochemistry. Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 differs from Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 by the addition of two methyl groups. The name "Coomassie" is a registered trademark of Imperial Chemical Industries.

Acid dye

Acid dyes are anionic, soluble in water and are essentially applied from acidic bath. These dyes possess acidic groups, such as SO3H and COOH and are applied on wool, silk and nylon when ionic bond is established between protonated –NH2 group of fibre and acid group of dye. Overall wash fastness is poor although lightfastness is quite good. As dye and fibre contain opposite electrical nature, strike rate and uptake of acid dye on these fibres is faster; electrolyte at higher concentration is added to retard dye uptake and to form levelled shades. Acid generates cation on fibre and temperature helps to substitute negative part of acid with anionic dye molecules.

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Trichrome staining is a histological staining method that uses two or more acid dyes in conjunction with a polyacid. Staining differentiates tissues by tinting them in contrasting colours. It increases the contrast of microscopic features in cells and tissues, which makes them easier to see when viewed through a microscope.

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

Ponceau 4R Chemical compound

Ponceau 4R is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. It is denoted by E Number E124. Its chemical name is 1-(4-sulfo-1-napthylazo)-2-napthol-6,8-disulfonic acid, trisodium salt. Ponceau is the generic name for a family of azo dyes.

Azo dye Class of organic compounds used as dye

Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the linkage C-N=N-C. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related to azo dyes are azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.

Sudan II Chemical compound

Sudan II (C18H16N2O) is a lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) azo dye used for staining of triglycerides in frozen sections, and some protein bound lipids and lipoproteins on paraffin sections. It has the appearance of red powder with melting point 156–158 °C and maximum absorption at 493(420) nm.

Ponceau S Chemical compound

Ponceau S, Acid Red 112, or C.I. 27195 is a sodium salt of a diazo dye of a light red color, that may be used to prepare a stain for rapid reversible detection of protein bands on nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, as well as on cellulose acetate membranes. A Ponceau S stain is useful because it does not appear to have a deleterious effect on the sequencing of blotted polypeptides and is therefore one method of choice for locating polypeptides on western blots for blot-sequencing. It is also easily reversed with water washes, facilitating subsequent immunological detection. The stain can be completely removed from the protein bands by continued washing. Common stain formulations include 0.1% (w/v) Ponceau S in 5% acetic acid or 2% (w/v) Ponceau S in 30% trichloroacetic acid and 30% sulfosalicylic acid.

Allura Red AC Chemical compound

Allura Red AC is a red azo dye that goes by several names, including FD&C Red 40. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129.

Massons trichrome stain

Masson's trichrome is a three-colour staining protocol used in histology. The recipes evolved from Claude L. Pierre Masson's (1880–1959) original formulation have different specific applications, but all are suited for distinguishing cells from surrounding connective tissue.

Ponceau 6R Chemical compound

Ponceau 6R, or Crystal ponceau 6R, Crystal scarlet, Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R, Acid Red 44, or C.I. 16250, is a red azo dye. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It is used as a food dye, with E number E126. It is also used in histology, for staining fibrin with the MSB Trichrome stain. It usually comes as disodium salt.

Ponceau is the generic name for a family of azo dyes, and may refer to:

Alcian blue stain Chemical compound

Alcian blue is any member of a family of polyvalent basic dyes, of which the Alcian blue 8G has been historically the most common and the most reliable member. It is used to stain acidic polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans in cartilages and other body structures, some types of mucopolysaccharides, sialylated glycocalyx of cells etc. For many of these targets it is one of the most widely used cationic dyes for both light and electron microscopy. Use of alcian blue has historically been a popular staining method in histology especially for light microscopy in paraffin embedded sections and in semithin resin sections. The tissue parts that specifically stain by this dye become blue to bluish-green after staining and are called "Alcianophilic". Alcian blue staining can be combined with H&E staining, PAS staining and van Gieson staining methods. Alcian blue can be used to quantitate acidic glycans both in microspectrophotometric quantitation in solution or for staining glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels or on western blots. Biochemists had used it to assay acid polysaccharides in urine since the 1960s for diagnosis of diseases like mucopolysaccharidosis but from 1970's, partly due to lack of availability of Alcian and partly due to length and tediousness of the procedure, alternative methods had to be developed e.g. Dimethyl methylene blue method.

There is insufficient evidence to support dietary changes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and thus they are not recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics as of 2019. For some children, diet is suspected of playing a role in the multiple behavioral and cognitive symptoms of ADHD.

References

  1. "Ponceau Xylidine Dye content ≥60 %". Sigma Aldrich.