Tenaga Nasional Berhad, also known as Tenaga Nasional or simply Tenaga, is the Malaysian multinational electricity company and is the only electric utility company in Peninsular Malaysia and also the largest publicly listed power company in Southeast Asia with MYR 182.60 billion worth of assets. It serves over 10.3 million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and the East Malaysian state of Sabah through Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd.
Hyderabad Electric Supply Company is an electric distribution company that supplies electricity to the southern districts of Sindh in Pakistan, excluding Karachi.
Peshawar Electric Supply Company (PESCO). , is a state-owned public utility under the administrative control of the Government of Pakistan, formerly a part of the Water & Power Development Authority’s Power Wing and headquartered in Peshawar. PESCO is responsible for the distribution of electricity to over 4.4 million consumers of all civil districts of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
The Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) (Urdu: متبادل توانائی ترقیِ بوڑڈ) was an agency of the Federal Government established in May 2003 with the main objective to facilitate, promote and encourage development of Renewable Energy in Pakistan and with a mission to introduce Alternative and Renewable Energies (AREs) at an accelerated rate. The administrative control of AEDB was transferred to Ministry of Water and Power in 2006.
Distribution companies (DISCOs) are companies under Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) responsible for distribution of electricity in their respective allocated areas. They buy electricity from producers such as Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), GENCOs, PAEC and other private Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and sell it to their respective area customers. All companies are owned by the Government of Pakistan except K-Electric, which was privatized in 2005. Unfortunately, most of the electricity distribution companies in Pakistan are highly inefficient and leads to huge line losses of electricity.
The electricity sector in Colombia is dominated by large hydropower generation (65%) and thermal generation (35%). Despite the country's large potential for new renewable energy technologies, this potential has been barely tapped. A 2001 law designed to promote alternative energies lacks certain key provisions to achieve this objective, such as feed-in tariffs, and has had little impact so far. Large hydropower and thermal plants dominate the current expansion plans. The construction of a transmission line with Panama, which will link Colombia with Central America, is underway.
The electricity sector in Peru has experienced large improvements in the past 15 years. Access to electricity has increased from 45% in 1990 to 96.4% in 2018, while service quality and efficiency of service provision improved. These improvements were made possible through privatizations following reforms initiated in 1992. At the same time, electricity tariffs have remained in line with the average for Latin America.
Nicaragua is the country in Central America with the lowest electricity generation, as well as the lowest percentage of population with access to electricity. The unbundling and privatization process of the 1990s did not achieve the expected objectives, resulting in very little generation capacity added to the system. This, together with its high dependence on oil for electricity generation, led to an energy crisis in 2006 from which the country has not fully recovered yet.
El Salvador's energy sector is largerly focused on renewables. El Salvador is the largest producer of geothermal energy in Central America. Except for hydroelectric generation, which is almost totally owned and operated by the public company CEL, the rest of the generation capacity is in private hands. With demand expected to grow at a rate of 5% in the coming years, the Government's 2007 National Energy Strategy identified several hydroelectric and geothermal projects as the best option to meet demand in the future and to diversify the country's energy mix.
An independent power producer (IPP) or non-utility generator (NUG) is an entity that is not a public utility but owns facilities to generate electric power for sale to utilities and end users. NUGs may be privately held facilities, corporations, cooperatives such as rural solar or wind energy producers, and non-energy industrial concerns capable of feeding excess energy into the system.
Brazil has the largest electricity sector in Latin America. Its capacity at the end of 2021 was 181,532 MW. The installed capacity grew from 11,000 MW in 1970 with an average yearly growth of 5.8% per year. Brazil has the largest capacity for water storage in the world, being dependent on hydroelectricity generation capacity, which meets over 60% of its electricity demand. The national grid runs at 60 Hz and is powered 83% from renewable sources. This dependence on hydropower makes Brazil vulnerable to power supply shortages in drought years, as was demonstrated by the 2001–2002 energy crisis.
Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted and distributed by two vertically integrated public sector companies, first one being Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) responsible for the production of hydroelectricity and its supply to the consumers by electricity distribution companies (DISCOS) under the Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) being the other integrated company. Currently, there are 12 distribution companies and a National Transmission And Dispatch Company (NTDC) which are all in the public sector except Karachi Electric in the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas. There are around 42 independent power producers (IPPs) that contribute significantly in electricity generation in Pakistan.
Delhi Transco Limited (DTL), formerly Delhi Power Supply Company Limited (DPSCL) is the State Transmission Utility for the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is responsible for the transmission of power at 220 kV and 400 kV level and for upgrading, operating and maintaining the high voltage network.
REC Limited, formerly Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, of which Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC) is the holding company of that is under the ownership of the Ministry of Power, the Government of India. It finances and promotes power projects across India. The PSU provides loans to Central/State Sector Power Utilities in the country, State Electricity Boards, Rural Electric Cooperatives, NGOs and Private Power Developers. On 20 March 2019, PFC signed an agreement to acquire a 52.63% controlling stake in REC for ₹14,500 crore (US$1.8 billion). On 28 March, PFC announced that it had completed making the payment for the acquisition and intended to merge REC with itself in 2020. However, REC has maintained that merging PFC-REC is no longer an option.
The energy policy of Pakistan is formulated and determined by the federal, provincial, and local institutional entities in Pakistan, which address the issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption of energy, such as gas mileage and petroleum standards. Energy policy requires the proper legislation, international treaties, subsidies and incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation, taxation and other public policy techniques.
Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Limited (ESCOM) is the state-owned power transmission and distribution company in Malawi. It is entirely in control of transmission and distribution of electric power in the country. ESCOM represents Malawi in the Southern African Power Pool. It should not be confused with its South African equivalent Eskom.
The Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) is a government agency operating under the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It was created as a public-sector organization to boost the country's power sector after the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state in 1972. This government organization is responsible for planning and developing the nation's power infrastructure and for operating much of its power generation facilities. The BPDB is responsible for the major portion of generation and distribution of electricity mainly in urban areas of the country.
Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDC) is a Public Limited Company under the Power Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of Bangladesh, that manages the distribution of electricity to the customers of the Dhaka City Corporation area. The company, created as a part of the Power Sector Reform Programme, was registered on 25 October 2005 under the Companies Act, 1994. The government owns 100% share of the company. DPDC started commercial operation on 1 July 2008 taking over from Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA). All the assets and liabilities of DESA were transferred to DPDC through an agreement signed in September 2008.
The Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources or Ministry of Energy is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh. It is mainly responsible for all policies and matters relating to electricity generation, transmission, and distribution from conventional and non-conventional energy sources including hydro electricity. It also deals with the Import, Distribution, Exploration, Extraction, Pricing, and other policy related details of the primary fuels.
The Ministry of Energy is an executive ministry of the federal Government of Pakistan that is charged with implementation of the national energy policy and energy production and electricity transmission throughout the country.
