Nałęcz is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by associated szlachta families in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).
Jan Amor Tarnowski was a Polish nobleman, knight, military commander, military theoretician, and statesman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. He was Grand Crown Hetman from 1527, and was the founder of the city of Tarnopol, where he built the Ternopil Castle and the Ternopil Pond. The first Count of the Holy Roman Empire in the Tarnowski family (1547).
Topór is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta (noble) families in medieval Poland and under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe. Due to the distinctive ways in which feudal societies evolved, Poland's heraldic traditions differ substantially from those of the modern-day German lands and France.
Sas or Szász is a Central European coat of arms. It was borne since the medieval period by several Transylvanian-Saxon Hungarian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, and Polish-Lithuanian noble families. The house was once a mighty princely and ducal house with origins in Saxony, Transylvania, Hungary and Ruthenia.
Wieniawa is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several noble, in Polish language szlachta families in the times of medieval Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Polotsk or Połock Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since the 15th century until the partitions of Poland in 1793.
Count Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), Leliwa coat of arms. Son of Hetman Jan Tarnowski and Zofia née Szydłowiecka. He was married to Zofia Odrowąż since 1555, but had no issue. He was educated in the worldly affairs at the court of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, at his father's great expense claimed Orzechowski. He was owner of Tarnów, Wiewiórka, Przeworsk, Rożnów and Stare Sioło. Secretary of King Sigismund II Augustus since 1554, held offices of castellan of Wojnicz, starost of Sandomierz, Stryj and Dolina. Poor health disallowed Jan Krzysztof to have a substantial career in the military, Niesiecki said: King was shoving a lesser military command to him during the Muscovy war, but his health weak due to consumption prevented him from achieving knightly deeds.' Died prematurely, most likely to the ravages of tuberculosis, and was buried next to his father, Piotr Skarga presided over his funeral at Tarnów. On his person ended the Tarnów line of the Tarnowski family clan. Poet Jan Kochanowski dedicated his poem Chess to him.
Samuel Łaszcz (1588–1649), of the Prawdzic Coat of Arms, was a famous nobleman in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with a family estate in Łaszczów. He held the positions of Starosta of Owrucz, Crown Grand Standard-bearer, and Crown Great Guard. He served as a military commander and was given the nom de guerre "zagończyk", but later became infamous as an outlaw. He was known for his smile and quick wit, and allegedly introduced a traditional Polish haircut which bears his name.
Union of Poles in Lithuania is an organization formed in 1989 to bring together members of Polish minority in Lithuania. It numbers between 6,000 to 11,000 members. It defends the civil rights of the Polish minority and engages in educational, cultural and economic activities. It is the largest Polish organization in Lithuania, and was created in 1990.
Paweł Stefan Sapieha. Lis coat of arms was a Polish–Lithuanian noble and magnate, Grand Lithuanian Koniuszy from 1593, Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania from 1623, starosta.
Kasper Niesiecki, also known as Kacper Niesiecki, was a Polish heraldist, Jesuit, lexicographer, writer, theologian and preacher.
The former castle in Navahrudak, Belarus was one of the strongholds of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, cited by Maciej Stryjkowski as the location of Mindaugas's coronation as King of Lithuania as well as his likely burial place. On the opinion of Lithuanian historians, there is no information that King Mindaugas lived or visited Navahrudak at all - it is Maciej Stryjkowski's XVI century written conjecture in the interpretation of legends.
Piotr Eberhardt was a Polish geographer, a professor at the Polish Academy of Science and author of studies in the field of demography and population geography. His works included the ethnic problems of Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century. He also specialized in the field of geopolitics.
The Staszkiewiczfamily is a Polish-Lithuanian noble family of ancient lineage originating from the Duchy of Samogitia.
Franciszek Ksawery Niesiołowski was a colonel in the 6th Lithuanian Foot Regiment, general in the Kościuszko Uprising, the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw, and the Army of the Kingdom of Poland, served during the November Uprising, became a member of the Sejm in 1830, and was Senator-Castellan of the Kingdom of Poland from 8 August 1831.
The House of Żeleński is a Polish princely family and one of the most influential noble families in pre-World War II Poland. The Żeleński family's coat of arms is the Ciołek coat of arms, which is one of the oldest in medieval Poland. The Żeleński family reached notable power under the late Piast dynasty, under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, during the Partitions of Poland, and in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The Danilewicz (Danielewicz) family – a noble family from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with the coat of arms of Ostoja, belonging to the heraldic Clan Ostoja (Moscics). The Danilewicz’s were mentioned by Kasper Niesiecki in Herbarz Polski.
Marian Kałuski - Polish-Australian journalist, writer, historian and traveler.
