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Emperor Suzong of Tang,personal name Li Heng,néLi Sisheng (李嗣升),known as Li Jun (李浚) from 725 to 736,known as Li Yu (李璵) from 736 to 738,known briefly as Li Shao (李紹) in 738,was an emperor of the Tang dynasty and the son of Emperor Xuanzong. Suzong ascended the throne after his father fled to Sichuan during the An Lushan Rebellion in 756;Li Heng himself had fled in the opposite direction,to Lingwu,where he was declared emperor by the army. Much of Emperor Suzong's reign was spent in quelling the aforementioned rebellion,which was ultimately put down in 763 during the reign of his son Emperor Daizong.
Princess Taiping was a royal princess and prominent political figure of the Tang dynasty and her mother Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty. She was the youngest daughter of Wu Zetian and Emperor Gaozong and was influential during the reigns of her mother and her elder brothers Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong,particularly during Emperor Ruizong's second reign,when for three years until her death,she was the real power behind the throne.
Emperor Ruizong of Tang,personal name Li Dan,also known at times during his life as Li Xulun,Li Lun,Wu Lun,and Wu Dan,was the fifth and ninth emperor of the Tang dynasty. He was the eighth son of Emperor Gaozong and the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu. He was wholly a figurehead during his first reign when he was controlled by his mother,and he was the titular and puppet ruler of the Tang Empire from 684 to 690. During his second reign after his mother's death,significant power and influence was exercised by his domineering sister Princess Taiping.
Emperor Shizong of Jin,personal name Wulu,sinicised name Wanyan Yong,was the fifth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. Ruling from 1161 to 1189 under the era name "Dading",Emperor Shizong's reign was the longest and most stable among the Jin dynasty emperors.
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin,personal name Madage,sinicized name Wanyan Jing,was the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned from 20 January 1189 to 29 December 1208.
Digunai,also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Liang (完顏亮) and his formal title Prince of Hailing,was the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the second son of Wanyan Zonggan,the eldest son of Aguda. He came to power in 1150 after overthrowing and murdering his predecessor,Emperor Xizong,in a coup d'état. During his reign,he moved the Jin capital from Shangjing to Yanjing,and introduced a policy of sinicisation. In 1161,after the Jin dynasty lost the Battle of Caishi against the Southern Song dynasty,Digunai's subordinates rebelled against him and assassinated him. After his death,even though he ruled as an emperor during his lifetime,he was posthumously demoted to the status of a prince –"Prince Yang of Hailing" (海陵煬王) –in 1162 by his successor,Emperor Shizong. However,in 1181,Emperor Shizong further posthumously demoted him to the status of a commoner,hence he is also known as the "Commoner of Hailing" (海陵庶人).
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Wanyan Yongji,childhood name Xingsheng,was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about five years from 1208 until 1213,when he was assassinated by the general Heshilie Zhizhong. Despite having ruled as an emperor,Wanyan Yongji was not posthumously honoured as an emperor. Instead,in 1216,his successor,Emperor Xuanzong,reverted his status back to "Prince of Wei" (衛王) –the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor –and gave him the posthumous name "Shao" (紹),hence Wanyan Yongji is generally known in historiography as the "Prince Shao of Wei".
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin,personal name Wudubu,sinicized names Wanyan Xun and Wanyan Congjia,was the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the second Jin emperor to be defeated by the Mongol Empire,and the first after they crossed the Great Wall in 1211 during the Jin campaign.
Emperor Aizong of Jin,personal name Ningjiasu,sinicized names Wanyan Shouxu and Wanyan Shouli,was the ninth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was considered an able emperor who made several reforms beneficial to the Jin dynasty,such as the removal of corrupt officials and the introduction of more lenient tax laws. He also ended the wars against the Southern Song dynasty,and canceled the Treaty of Shaoxing,free of obligation,instead focusing the Jin dynasty's military resources on resisting the Mongol invasion. Despite his efforts,the Jin dynasty,already weakened by the flawed policies of his predecessors,eventually fell to the Mongol Empire. He escaped to Caizhou when the Mongols besieged Bianjing,the Jin capital,in 1232. When Caizhou also came under Mongol attack in 1234,he passed the throne to his army marshal Wanyan Chenglin and then committed suicide.
Xiao Zhizhong was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty,serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian's sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong and grandsons Emperor Shang and Emperor Xuanzong. He was known for his willingness to point out corruption in high-level officials,but was later himself implicated as a partisan of the powerful Princess Taiping and executed in 713 when Emperor Xuanzong suppressed Princess Taiping's party.
Empress Zhang was an empress of the Chinese Tang dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Suzong and gained great power and influence during his reign,in alliance with the eunuch Li Fuguo;both together successfully launched many vicious plots against their opponents and influenced the power of the emperor. but eventually she and Li Fuguo turned against each other late in Emperor Suzong's reign,as the emperor grew gravely ill and they both wanted to take sole control of the power on the throne and choose their favorite candidate to succeed to the throne. Zhang tried to have Li Fuguo put to death,but instead was captured and killed by Li Fuguo and was posthumously demoted to commoner rank by Emperor Daizong.
Chongqing,formerly romanized as Chungking,is a municipality of China.
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty,also known as the Mongol–Jin War,was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war,which started in 1211,lasted over 23 years and ended with the complete conquest of the Jin dynasty by the Mongols in 1234.
Consort Li may refer to:
Empress Tudan was the empress of the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty,Digunai. After his murder,she was demoted to commoner status. She was one of three Jin empresses from the Tudan clan.
Empress Qinhuai of the Pucha clan was the wife of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin,the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. She died before he ascended the throne and was made empress posthumously.
Wanyan Yungong,personal name Hutuwa (胡土瓦),was an imperial prince of the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty. He was the son of Emperor Shizong of Jin an Empress Mingde. He was the father of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin and Emperor Xuanzong of Jin.
Empress Tudan may refer to:
References
- ↑ "列傳第二 后妃下 (Biographies 2, Imperial wives and concubines [lower volume])". 金史[ History of Jin ] (in Classical Chinese). Vol. 64.