{{nobold|完顏永濟}}"},"image":{"wt":""},"full name":{"wt":"Wanyan Yongji (完顏允濟), ''later'' Wanyan Yongji (完顏永濟)
Childhood name: Xingsheng (興勝)"},"father":{"wt":"[[Emperor Shizong of Jin|Emperor Shizong]]"},"mother":{"wt":"Empress Guangxian"},"spouse":{"wt":"[[Princess Consort Shao of Wei|Empress Tudan]]
Lady Yuan"},"issue":{"wt":"See {{Section link||Family}}"},"birth_date":{"wt":"Unknown"},"death_date":{"wt":"{{death date|1213|9|11|df=y}}"},"succession":{"wt":"Emperor of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]]"},"reign":{"wt":"29 December 1208 – 11 September 1213"},"predecessor":{"wt":"[[Emperor Zhangzong of Jin|Emperor Zhangzong]]"},"successor":{"wt":"[[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin|Emperor Xuanzong]]"},"era dates":{"wt":"Da'an (大安): 1209–1211
Chongqing (崇慶): 1212–1213
Zhining (至寧): 1213"},"posthumous name":{"wt":"Prince Shao of Wei (衛紹王)"},"house":{"wt":"[[Wanyan]]"},"dynasty":{"wt":"[[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]]"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwAg">Emperor of the Jin dynasty
Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟 | |||||||||||||
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Emperor of the Jin dynasty | |||||||||||||
Reign | 29 December 1208 – 11 September 1213 | ||||||||||||
Predecessor | Emperor Zhangzong | ||||||||||||
Successor | Emperor Xuanzong | ||||||||||||
Born | Unknown | ||||||||||||
Died | 11 September 1213 | ||||||||||||
Spouse | Empress Tudan Lady Yuan | ||||||||||||
Issue | See § Family | ||||||||||||
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House | Wanyan | ||||||||||||
Dynasty | Jin | ||||||||||||
Father | Emperor Shizong | ||||||||||||
Mother | Empress Guangxian |
Wanyan Yongji | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 完顏永濟 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 完颜永济 | ||||||
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Prince Shao of Wei | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 衛紹王 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 卫绍王 | ||||||
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Xingsheng (childhood name) | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 興勝 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 兴胜 | ||||||
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Wanyan Yongji (died 11 September 1213),childhood name Xingsheng,was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about five years from 1208 until 1213,when he was assassinated by the general Heshilie Zhizhong. Despite having ruled as an emperor,Wanyan Yongji was not posthumously honoured as such. Instead,in 1216,his successor,Emperor Xuanzong,reverted his status to "Prince of Wei" (衛王) –the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor –and gave him the posthumous name "Shao" (紹),hence Wanyan Yongji is generally known in historiography as the "Prince Shao of Wei" (or Wei Shao Wang).
Wanyan Yongji's birth name was "Wanyan Yunji" (完顏允濟);his given name was changed to "Yongji" later to avoid naming taboo because Emperor Zhangzong's father was Wanyan Yungong (完顏允恭). He was the seventh son of Wanyan Yong (Emperor Shizong) and an uncle of Wanyan Jing (Emperor Zhangzong). His mother was Lady Li,a Balhae concubine of Emperor Shizong. [1] In 1171,he was given the title "Prince of Xue" (薛王) but was later changed to "Prince of Sui" (禭王). His princely title had subsequently been changed to "Prince of Lu" (潞王),then "Prince of Han" (韓王),and finally "Prince of Wei" (衛王). When Emperor Zhangzong died without a male heir in 1208,Wanyan Yongji was selected to be the new emperor.
During Wanyan Yongji's reign,the Mongols,under the leadership of Genghis Khan,had been planning to attack the Jin dynasty. The Mongols first attacked Western Xia,a vassal state under the Jin dynasty. When Western Xia requested aid from the Jin dynasty,Wanyan Yongji ignored them;Western Xia eventually surrendered to the Mongols. In 1211,the Mongols launched a full-scale invasion of the Jin dynasty and defeated the Jin armies in some small battles. In the ninth month,the Mongols besieged the Jin central capital,Zhongdu (中都;present-day Xicheng and Fengtai districts of Beijing),but were forced to retreat because of Zhongdu's strong defences. In 1212,the Mongols attacked the Jin dynasty and besieged the Jin western capital,Datong Prefecture (大同府;present-day Datong,Shanxi Province). In the same year,YelüLiuge (耶律留哥),a Khitan,led a rebellion against the Jin dynasty in Jilin Province. The rebel movement gained thousands of followers within months. YelüLiuge submitted to the Mongols and led the rebels to defeat a 600,000-strong Jin army in Dijinao'er (迪吉腦兒;near present-day Changtu County,Liaoning Province).
Wanyan Yongji was known for being indecisive,undiscerning,and generally ineffective and weak as a ruler. In the eighth month of 1213,when the Mongols attacked Zhongdu again,the general Heshilie Zhizhong (紇石烈執中;also known as Hushahu 胡沙虎) rebelled against Wanyan Yongji and assassinated him. In the following month,Hushahu installed Wanyan Xun (Emperor Xuanzong) on the throne to replace Wanyan Yongji. He also gathered about 300 officials to support him and openly urged Emperor Xuanzong to posthumously demote Wanyan Yongji to the status of a commoner. Eventually,as a compromise between Hushahu's faction and another opposing faction,Emperor Xuanzong agreed to posthumously demote Wanyan Yongji to the position of "Marquis of Donghai Commandery" (東海郡侯). One month later,Hushahu was assassinated by another general,Zhuhu Gaoqi (朮虎高琪).
In 1216,Emperor Xuanzong posthumously restored Wanyan Yongji to the status of "Prince of Wei" (衛王) –the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor –and gave him the posthumous name "Shao" (紹),hence Wanyan Yongji is historically referred to as "Prince Shao of Wei" (衛紹王) even though he ruled as an emperor in his lifetime.
Consort and issue(s):
The Jin dynasty,officially known as the Great Jin,was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234. Because the Wanyan clan that founded the dynasty were of Jurchen descent,it is also sometimes called the Jurchen dynasty or the Jurchen Jin.
Emperor Taizu of Jin,personal name Aguda,sinicised name Min,was the founder and first emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was originally the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe,the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which were subjects of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Starting in 1114,Aguda united the Jurchen tribes under his rule and rebelled against the Liao dynasty. A year later,he declared himself emperor and established the Jin dynasty. By the time of his death,the Jin dynasty had conquered most of the Liao dynasty's territories and emerged as a major power in northern China. In 1145,he was posthumously honoured with the temple name Taizu by his descendant Emperor Xizong.
Emperor Shizong of Jin,personal name Wulu,sinicised name Wanyan Yong,was the fifth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. Ruling from 1161 to 1189 under the era name "Dading",Emperor Shizong's reign was the longest and most stable among the Jin emperors.
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin,personal name Madage,sinicized name Wanyan Jing,was the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned from 20 January 1189 to 29 December 1208.
Emperor Taizong of Jin,personal name Wuqimai,sinicised name Wanyan Sheng,was the second emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. His era name was "Tianhui" (天會). During his reign,the Jin dynasty conquered the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. He then led the Jin in their campaigns against the Song dynasty,captured the Northern Song capital in 1127 and went on to rule most of northern China. After his death,he was posthumously honoured with the temple name Taizong by his successor,Emperor Xizong.
Emperor Xizong of Jin,personal name Hela,sinicised name Wanyan Dan,was the third emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about 15 years from 1135 to 1150. During his reign,the Jin dynasty launched several military campaigns against the Han-led Southern Song dynasty in southern China.
Digunai,also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Liang and his formal title Prince of Hailing,was the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the second son of Wanyan Zonggan,the eldest son of the dynastic founder Wanyan Aguda. He came to power in 1150 after overthrowing and murdering his predecessor,Emperor Xizong,in a coup d'état. During his reign,he moved the Jin capital from Shangjing to Yanjing,and introduced a policy of sinicisation. In 1161,after the Jin dynasty lost the Battle of Caishi against the Southern Song dynasty,Digunai's subordinates rebelled against him and assassinated him. After his death,even though he ruled as an emperor during his lifetime,he was posthumously demoted to the status of a prince –"Prince Yang of Hailing" (海陵煬王) –in 1162 by his successor,Emperor Shizong. However,in 1181,Emperor Shizong further posthumously demoted him to the status of a commoner,hence he is also known as the "Commoner of Hailing" (海陵庶人).
Helibo,alternatively rendered as Horimbo (1039–1092),was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe,the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the second son of Wugunai. Like his grandfather,Shilu,Horimbo was appointed chieftain of the Wanyan tribe by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty,which ruled northern China between the 10th and 11th centuries.
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin,personal name Wudubu,sinicized names Wanyan Xun and Wanyan Congjia,was the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the second Jin emperor to be defeated by the Mongol Empire,and the first after they crossed the Great Wall in 1211 during the Jin campaign.
Emperor Aizong of Jin,personal name Ningjiasu,sinicized names Wanyan Shouxu and Wanyan Shouli,was the ninth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was considered an able emperor who made several reforms beneficial to the Jin dynasty,such as the removal of corrupt officials and the introduction of more lenient tax laws. He also ended the wars against the Southern Song dynasty,and canceled the Treaty of Shaoxing,free of obligation,instead focusing the Jin dynasty's military resources on resisting the Mongol invasion. Despite his efforts,the Jin dynasty,already weakened by the flawed policies of his predecessors,eventually fell to the Mongol Empire. He escaped to Caizhou when the Mongols besieged Bianjing,the Jin capital,in 1232. When Caizhou also came under Mongol attack in 1234,he passed the throne to his army marshal Wanyan Chenglin and then committed suicide.
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty,also known as the Mongol–Jin War,was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war,which started in 1211,lasted over 23 years and ended with the complete conquest of the Jin dynasty by the Mongols in 1234.
The Battle of Yehuling,also known as the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge,or the Battle of Badger Mouth took place in Jin China between August and October 1211 at Yehuling. The battle was between the Mongol Empire and Jurchen-led Jin dynasty during the first stage of the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty. The battle was fought in the northwest of present-day Wanquan District,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province. The battle concluded with a Mongol victory over the northern part of the Jin. It hastened the decline of the Jin dynasty.
Consort Li may refer to:
In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233,the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng,the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades,beginning in 1211 after the Jin Dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng,one led by himself,and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces,once they converged into a single army,was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8,1232.
Empress Tudan was the empress of the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty,Digunai. After his murder,she was demoted to commoner status. She was one of three Jin empresses from the Tudan clan.
Empress Mingde of the Wulinda clan,also known by her first posthumous name Empress Zhaode,was the wife of Emperor Shizong of Jin,the fifth emperor of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty. Although she committed suicide before her husband became emperor,he proclaimed her empress upon his ascension and never gave the title to any other of his consorts.
Empress Qinhuai of the Pucha clan was the wife of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin,the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. She died before he ascended the throne and was made empress posthumously.
Princess Consort Shao of Wei,also known as Empress Tudan,was the wife of the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty,Wanyan Yongji. After her husband was killed,she was stripped of her title and banished to Zhengzhou.
Empress Rensheng of the Wang clan,also known simply as Empress Wang,was the wife of the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China,Emperor Xuanzong. She was captured and taken north by Mongol forces during the siege of Bianjing.
Wanyan Yungong,Jurchen name Hutuwa,was an imperial prince of China's Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. He was the son of the Emperor Shizong an Empress Mingde. He was the father of the Emperor Zhangzong and Emperor Xuanzong.
Emperors of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) | ||
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