Carbonated water is water containing dissolved carbon dioxide gas, either artificially injected under pressure or occurring due to natural geological processes. Carbonation causes small bubbles to form, giving the water an effervescent quality. Common forms include sparkling natural mineral water, club soda, and commercially-produced sparkling water.
Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 validly described species. The members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches. Their ease of culture in vitro and availability of an increasing number of Pseudomonas strain genome sequences has made the genus an excellent focus for scientific research; the best studied species include P. aeruginosa in its role as an opportunistic human pathogen, the plant pathogen P. syringae, the soil bacterium P. putida, and the plant growth-promoting P. fluorescens, P. lini, P. migulae, and P. graminis.
The Pseudomonadaceae are a family of bacteria which includes the genera Azomonas, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rugamonas. The family Azotobacteraceae was recently reclassified into this family.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, strict aerobic, Rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes.
Pseudomonas libanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in Lebanon. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. libanensis has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas veronii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in France. It may be used for bioremediation of contaminated soils, as it has been shown to degrade a variety of simple aromatic organic compounds. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. veronii has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas amygdali is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium. It is named after its ability to cause disease on almond trees. Different analyses, including 16S rRNA analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and MLST clearly placed P. amygdali in the P. syringae group together with the species Pseudomonas ficuserectae and Pseudomonas meliae, and 27 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae/Pseudomonas savastanoi, constituting a single, well-defined phylogenetic group which should be considered as a single species. This phylogenetic group has not been formally named because of the lack of reliable means to differentiate it phenotipically from closely related species, and it is currently known as either genomospecies 2 or phylogroup 3. When it is formally named, the correct name for this new species should be Pseudomonas amygdali, which takes precedence over all the other names of taxa from this group, including Pseudomonas savastanoi, which is and inadequate and confusing name whose use is not recommended.
Pseudomonas cedrina is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from spring waters in Lebanon. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. cedrina has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas orientalis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from spring waters in Lebanon. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. orientalis has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas mandelii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural spring waters in France. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. mandelii has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas jessenii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France. The type strain is CIP 105274.
Pseudomonas migulae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France. This bacterium has also been isolated from endophytic tissues of lodgepole pine trees growing on gravel mining sites with potential to perform biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. migulae has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas gessardii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. gessardii has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas rhodesiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. rhodesiae has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is motile, has a single polar flagellum, and is classified as bacillus, or rod-shaped. While this bacterium was first isolated from human spinal fluid, it has since been found in many different environments due to its various characteristics and metabolic capabilities. P. stutzeri is an opportunistic pathogen in clinical settings, although infections are rare. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, this bacterium has been placed in the P. stutzeri group, to which it lends its name.
Pseudomonas nitroreducens is an aerobic, Gram-negative soil bacterium first isolated from oil brine in Japan. It is able to synthesise polyhydroxybutyrate homopolymer from medium chain length fatty acids. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. nitroreducens has been placed in the P. aeruginosa group.
Pseudomonas infection refers to a disease caused by one of the species of the genus Pseudomonas.
Green nails may be (1) due to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causing a green nail syndrome or (2) the result of copper in tap water.
A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. The micro-organisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of biofertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they are not yet able to replace their use. Since they play several roles, a preferred scientific term for such beneficial bacteria is "plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria" (PGPR).
Pseuderemias brenneri, also known commonly as Brenner's racerunner or Brenner's sand racer, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is native to the Horn of Africa.
