Pterostylis flavovirens

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Coastal banded greenhood
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Genus: Pterostylis
Species:P. flavovirens
Binomial name
Pterostylis flavovirens
(D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates [1]
Synonyms [1]

Bunochilus flavovirens D.L.Jones

Pterostylis flavovirens, commonly known as the coastal banded greenhood, [2] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae that is endemic to South Australia. As with other similar orchids, non-flowering plants differ from those in flower. Flowering plants have up to seven pale to translucent green flowers with darker green stripes. The flowers have an insect-like labellum which is yellowish green with a slightly darker green stripe along its centre. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a stalk, but flowering plants lack the rosette, instead having three to six stem leaves.

Orchidaceae family of plants

The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.

Endemism Ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location or habitat

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. The extreme opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution. An alternative term for a species that is endemic is precinctive, which applies to species that are restricted to a defined geographical area.

South Australia State of Australia

South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the second most highly centralised in Australia, after Western Australia, with more than 77 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the second largest centre, has a population of 28,684.

Contents

Description

Pterostylis flavovirens, is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of between three and five egg-shaped leaves, each leaf 5–27 mm (0.2–1 in) long and 3–9 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide on a stalk 20–50 mm (0.8–2 in) tall. Flowering plants have up to seven transparent pale to translucent green flowers with darker green stripes on a flowering spike 30–200 mm (1–8 in) high. The flowering spike has between three and six egg-shaped stem leaves which are 5–40 mm (0.2–2 in) long and 2–9 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column with the dorsal sepal 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and shallowly curved with a brownish tip. The petals are 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with narrow flanges on their outer edges. The lateral sepals are 9–13.5 mm (0.4–0.5 in) and joined for all but about 3 mm (0.1 in), forming a structure 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide. The labellum is insect-like, 4.5–6 mm (0.18–0.24 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, with a darker green stripe along its centre and a mound on the "head" end. Flowering occurs from July to September. [3]

Perennial plant Plant that lives for more than two years

A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. Some sources cite perennial plants being plants that live more than three years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials.

Deciduous trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally

In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/) means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

Herbaceous plant Plant which has no persistent woody stem above ground

Herbaceous plants in Botany, frequently shortened to herbs, are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herb has other meanings in cooking, medicine, and other fields. Herbaceous plants are those plants that do not have woody stems, they include many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials, they include both forbs and graminoids.

Taxonomy and naming

This orchid was first formally described in 2006 by David Jones who gave it the name Bunochilus flavovirens. The description was published in the journal Australian Orchid Research from a specimen collected near Port Lincoln. [4] In 2008 Robert Bates changed the name to Pterostylis flavovirens. [5] The specific epithet (flavovirens) is derived from the Latin words flavus meaning “golden-yellow” or "yellow" [6] :872 and virens meaning "green", [6] :383 [3] referring to the colour of the labellum. [3]

David Lloyd Jones is an Australian horticultural botanist and the author of a large number of books and papers, especially on Australian orchids.

Port Lincoln City in South Australia

Port Lincoln is a city on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia. It is situated on the shore of Boston Bay, which opens eastward into Spencer Gulf. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located approximately 280 km as the crow flies from the State's capital city of Adelaide. The city is reputed to have the most millionaires per capita in Australia. The town claims to be the "Seafood Capital of Australia".

Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Linnaeus' Species Plantarum of 1753. Botanical nomenclature is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), which replaces the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Fossil plants are also covered by the code of nomenclature.

Distribution and habitat

Pterostylis flavovirens is found in coastal areas of the Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island and South-Eastern botanical regions of South Australia. [7] It often grows in accumulated leaf litter under small trees and shrubs. [3]

Eyre Peninsula South Australia

The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded on the east by Spencer Gulf, the west by the Great Australian Bight, and the north by the Gawler Ranges.

Yorke Peninsula Region in South Australia

The Yorke Peninsula is a peninsula located north-west and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait. The most populous town in the region is Kadina.

Mount Lofty Ranges mountain in Australia

The Mount Lofty Ranges are the range of mountains just to the east of Adelaide in the Australian state of South Australia.

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Pterostylis melagramma, commonly known as the black-stripe leafy greenhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. Individual plants have either a rosette of three to six leaves or a flowering spike with up to twenty flowers and five to seven stem leaves. The flowers are translucent green with faint darker green lines and have a brownish-yellow labellum with a dark stripe.

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<i>Pterostylis macilenta</i> species of plant

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<i>Pterostylis jonesii</i> species of plant

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Pterostylis vitrea commonly known as the glassy leafy greenhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Queensland. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a short stalk. Flowering plants lack a rosette but have up to seven translucent green flowers with darker green lines on a flowering stem with between five and seven stem leaves.

References

  1. 1 2 "Pterostylis flavovirens". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. ↑ "Culture of fast multiplying (FM) terrestrial orchids". Native Orchids of South Australia. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Jones, David L. (1998). "Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology". Autralian Orchid Research. 3: 132.
  4. ↑ "Bunochilus flavovirens". APNI. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  5. ↑ "Pterostylis flavovirens". APNI. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  6. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  7. ↑ "Census of South Australian plants - Pterostylis". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
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