QRICH1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | QRICH1 , glutamine rich 1, VERBRAS, AB-DIP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 617387 MGI: 1916482 HomoloGene: 9803 GeneCards: QRICH1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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QRICH1, also known as Glutamine-rich protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 gene. [5] One notable feature of this protein is that it contains a Caspase Activation Recruitment Domain, also known as a CARD domain. [6] As a result of having this domain, QRICH1 is believed to be involved in apoptotic, inflammatory, and host-immune response pathways. [7]
Accession Numbers | Location | Identifiers | M.W. | pI |
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mRNA: NM_017730.2 protein: NP_060200.2 | 3p21.31 | FLJ20259, MFC131838 [5] | 86.4 kDa | 5.59 |
The QRICH1 gene is 64,363 base pairs long, encoding an mRNA transcript that is 3331 bp in length. [8] QRICH1 is located on chromosome 3p21.31 and contains 11 exons. [9] The genomic sequence begins at base pair 49,057,531 and ends at base pair 49,141,201. [8]
The exact function of QRICH1 is not well understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to be involved in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis due to the presence of a CARD domain near the beginning of the protein sequence. [7] This protein is predicted to localize to the nucleus and is known to interact with the ATXN1 and ATF7IP proteins shown in the image below. [11]
The glutamine-rich protein 1 is 776 amino acids in length. Glutamine residues are abundant, comprising 109 of the amino acids or 14% of the protein. [12] The protein contains three distinct domains. The first, a CARD domain, is a member of the death fold superfamily and is involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, immune signaling, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms. [6] The second domain is a glutamine-rich domain which comprises a majority of the protein and is highly conserved among orthologs. [6] The final domain is a Domain of unknown function (DUF3504) found near the end of the protein sequence. [6] All three of these domains are well conserved throughout strict orthologs.
Properties of QRICH1 that were predicted using Bioinformatics tools:
QRICH1 is expressed at a high level, 3.3 times the average gene. [22] It is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that QRICH1 is expressed particularly high in tissues such as the thymus, testis, cerebellar cortex and other areas of the brain, trachea, and in embryonic tissue. Health states such as germ cell tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and chondrosarcoma have also reported high QRICH1 expression.
QRICH1 is highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, along with other chordates such as fish, birds, and amphibians. The gene has some conservation among insects, but there were no orthologs found in plants, fungi, or yeast. [23]
Genus/species | Organism common name | Accession number | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity | Length (AAs) | |
Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | XP_001161499.1 | 99% | 99% | 766 | |
Macaca mulatta | Rhesus macaque | XP_001110386.2 | 99% | 99% | 659 | |
Pongo abelii | Orangutan | XP_002813809.1 | 99% | 99% | 777 | |
Mus musculus | House mouse | NP_780352.2 | 99% | 99% | 777 | |
Rattus norvegicus | Norway rat | NP_001128004.1 | 99% | 99% | 687 | |
Canis familiaris | Dog | XP_850904.1 | 99% | 99% | 780 | |
Bos taurus | Cow | NP_001091484.1 | 99% | 99% | 779 | |
Sus scrofa | Wild boar | XP_003132250.1 | 99% | 99% | 781 | |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | European rabbit | XP_002713458.1 | 99% | 99% | 777 | |
Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Giant panda | XP_002920598.1 | 99% | 99% | 780 | |
Callithrix jacchus | Marmoset | XP_002758378.1 | 99% | 99% | 777 | |
Equus caballus | Horse | XP_001498380.2 | 98% | 98% | 780 | |
Monodelphis domestica | Opossum | XP_001367745.1 | 95% | 97% | 776 | |
Gallus gallus | Chicken | XP_001233527.1 | 94% | 96% | 773 | |
Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | XP_001505372.1 | 94% | 95% | 741 | |
Taeniopygia guttata | Zebra finch | XP_002187824.1 | 93% | 97% | 772 | |
Xenopus laevis | African clawed frog | NP_001083416.1 | 79% | 85% | 755 | |
Tetraodon nigroviridis | Pufferfish | CAG11318.1 | 71% | 80% | 729 | |
Danio rerio | Zebra fish | NP_001020633.1 | 63% | 73% | 717 | |
Apis mellifera | Bee | XP_624959.2 | 47% | 64% | 1356 | |
Camponotus floridanus | Carpenter ant | EFN71787.1 | 45% | 63% | 1724 | |
QRICH1 has five paralogs all of which encode a zinc finger protein. [24]
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Glutamine-rich protein 2 is a protein that in humans is decoded by the QRICH2 gene on human chromosome 17. The function of QRICH2 protein is mostly unknown, but it has been shown that QRICH2 gene contains a high molecular weight Glutenin domain and an ATPase involved domain. QRICH2 gene is highly expressed in testis, and the subcellular location of QRICH2 protein is in the nucleus.
Protein FAM214A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, A (FAM214A) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214A gene. FAM214A is a gene with unknown function found at the q21.2-q21.3 locus on Chromosome 15 (human). The protein product of this gene has two conserved domains, one of unknown function (DUF4210) and another one called Chromosome_Seg. Although the function of the FAM214A protein is uncharacterized, both DUF4210 and Chromosome_Seg have been predicted to play a role in chromosome segregation during meiosis.
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 138, also known as CCDC138, is a human protein encoded by the CCDC138 gene. The exact function of CCDC138 is unknown.
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Coiled-coil domain 47 (CCDC47) is a gene located on human chromosome 17, specifically locus 17q23.3 which encodes for the protein CCDC47. The gene has several aliases including GK001 and MSTP041. The protein itself contains coiled-coil domains, the SEEEED superfamily, a domain of unknown function (DUF1682) and a transmembrane domain. The function of the protein is unknown, but it has been proposed that CCDC47 is involved in calcium ion homeostasis and the endoplasmic reticulum overload response.
Family with sequence similarity 98, member A, or FAM98A, is a gene that in the human genome encodes the FAM98A protein. FAM98A has two paralogs in humans, FAM98B and FAM98C. All three are characterized by DUF2465, a conserved domain shown to bind to RNA. FAM98A is also characterized by a glycine-rich C-terminal domain. FAM98A also has homologs in vertebrates and invertebrates and has distant homologs in choanoflagellates and green algae.
EVI5L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EVI5L gene. EVI5L is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, and functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) with a broad specificity. Measurement of in vitro Rab-GAP activity has shown that EVI5L has significant Rab2A- and Rab10-GAP activity.
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Small integral membrane protein 14, also known as SMIM14 or C4orf34, is a protein encoded on chromosome 4 of the human genome by the SMIM14 gene. SMIM14 has at least 298 orthologs mainly found in jawed vertebrates and no paralogs. SMIM14 is classified as a type I transmembrane protein. While this protein is not well understood by the scientific community, the transmembrane domain of SMIM14 may be involved in ER retention.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.