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References
- ↑ ([元康]九年春正月，左积弩将军孟观伐氐，战于中亭，大破之，获齐万年。) Jin Shu, vol.04. The month corresponds to 17 Feb to 18 Mar 299 in the Julian calendar.
- ↑ (壽闐卒，孫樹機能立，壯果多謀略。泰始中，殺秦州刺史胡烈于萬斛堆。) Book of Jin, Volume 126
- ↑ ([元康六年]五月，荊、揚二州大水。匈奴郝散弟度元帥馮翊、北地馬蘭羌、盧水胡反，攻北地，太守張損死之。) Book of Jin, Volume 4. The month corresponds to 18 Jun to 16 Jul 296 in the Julian calendar.
- ↑ ([元康六年]秋八月，雍州刺史解系又为度元所破。秦雍氐、羌悉叛，推氐帅齐万年僭号称帝，围泾阳。) Jin Shu, vol.04. The month corresponds to 14 Sep to 13 Oct 296 in the Julian calendar.
- ↑ (關中饑、疫。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 82
- ↑ (時賊屯梁山，有眾七萬，而駿逼處以五千兵擊之。處曰：「軍無後繼，必至覆敗，雖在亡身，爲國取恥。」肜復命處進討，乃與振威將軍盧播、雍州刺史解系攻萬年於六陌。將戰，處軍人未食，肜促令速進，而絶其後繼。處知必敗，賦詩曰：「去去世事已，策馬觀西戎。藜藿甘粱黍，期之克令終。」言畢而戰，自旦及暮，斬首萬計。弦絶矢盡，播、系不救。左右勸退，處按劍曰：「此是吾效節授命之日，何退之爲！且古者良將受命，鑿凶門以出，蓋有進無退也。今諸軍負信，勢必不振。我爲大臣，以身徇國，不亦可乎！」遂力戰而沒。) Book of Jin, Volume 58
- ↑ (孟觀，字叔時，渤海東光人也。少好讀書，解天文。惠帝即位，稍遷殿中中郎。賈后悖婦姑之禮，陰欲誅楊駿而廢太后，因駿專權，數言之於帝，又使人諷觀。會楚王瑋將討駿，觀受賈后旨宣詔，頗加誣其事。及駿誅，以觀為黃門侍郎，特給親信四十人。遷積弩將軍，封上穀郡公。氐帥齊萬年反於關中，眾數十萬，諸將覆敗相繼。中書令陳准、監張華，以趙、梁諸王在關中，雍容貴戚，進不貪功，退不懼罪，士卒雖眾，不為之用，周處喪敗，職此之由，上下離心，難以勝敵。以觀沈毅，有文武材用，乃啟觀討之。觀所領宿衛兵，皆趫捷勇悍，並統關中士卒，身當矢石，大戰十數，皆破之，生擒萬年，威懾氐羌。轉東羌校尉，徵拜右將軍。) Book of Jin, Volume 60
- ↑ (太子洗馬陳留江統以爲戎、狄亂華，宜早絕其原，乃作《徙戎論》以警朝廷曰：「夫夷、蠻、戎、狄，地在要荒，禹平九土而西戎卽敍。其性氣貪婪，凶悍不仁。四夷之中，戎、狄爲甚，弱則畏服，強則侵叛。當其強也，以漢高祖困於白登、孝文軍於霸上。及其弱也，以元、成之微而單于入朝。此其已然之效也。是以有道之君牧夷、狄也，惟以待之有備，禦之有常，雖稽顙執贄而邊城不弛固守，強暴爲寇而兵甲不加遠征，期令境內獲安，疆埸不侵而已。及至周室失統，諸侯專征，封疆不固，利害異心，戎、狄乘間，得入中國，或招誘安撫以爲己用，自是四夷交侵，與中國錯居。及秦始皇幷天下，兵威旁達，攘胡，走越，當是時，中國無復四夷也。漢建武中，馬援領隴西太守，討叛羌，徙其餘種於關中，居馮翊、河東空地。數歲之後，族類蕃息，旣恃其肥強，且苦漢人侵之；永初之元，羣羌叛亂，覆沒將守，屠破城邑，鄧騭敗北，侵及河內，十年之中，夷、夏俱敝，任尚、馬賢，僅乃克之。自此之後，餘燼不盡，小有際會，輒復侵叛，中世之寇，惟此爲大。魏興之初，與蜀分隔，疆埸之戎，一彼一此。武帝徙武都氐於秦川，欲以弱寇強國，扞禦蜀虜，此蓋權宜之計，非萬世之利也；今者當之，已受其敝矣。夫關中土沃物豐，帝王所居，未聞戎、狄宜在此土也。非我族類，其心必異。而因其衰敝，遷之畿服，士庶翫習，侮其輕弱，使其怨恨之氣毒於骨髓；至於蕃育衆盛，則坐生其心。以貪悍之性，挾憤怒之情，候隙乘便，輒爲橫逆；而居封域之內，無障塞之隔，掩不備之人，收散野之積，故能爲禍滋蔓，暴害不測，此必然之勢，已驗之事也。當今之宜，宜及兵威方盛，衆事未罷，徙馮翊、北地、新平、安定界內諸羌，著先零罕幵、析支之地，徙扶風、始平、京兆之氐，出還隴右，著陰平、武都之界，廩其道路之糧，令足自致，各附本種，反其舊土，使屬國、撫夷就安集之。戎、晉不雜，並得其所，縱有猾夏之心，風塵之警，則絕遠中國，隔閡山河，雖有寇暴，所害不廣矣。難者曰：氐寇新平，關中饑疫，百姓愁苦，咸望寧息；而欲使疲悴之衆，徙自猜之寇，恐勢盡力屈，緒業不卒，前害未及弭而後變復橫出矣。答曰：子以今者羣氐爲尚挾餘資，悔惡反善，懷我德惠而來柔附乎？將勢窮道盡，智力俱困，懼我兵誅以至於此乎？曰：無有餘力，勢窮道盡故也。然則我能制其短長之命而令其進退由己矣。夫樂其業者不易事，安其居者無遷志。方其自疑危懼，畏怖促遽，故可制以兵威，使之左右無違也。迨其死亡流散，離逷未鳩，與關中之人，戶皆爲讎，故可遐遷遠處，令其心不懷土也。夫聖賢之謀事也，爲之於未有，治之於未亂，道不著而平，德不顯而成。其次則能轉禍爲福，因敗爲功，值困必濟，遇否能通。今子遭敝事之終而不圖更制之始，愛易轍之勤而遵覆車之軌，何哉！且關中之人百餘萬口，率其少多，戎、狄居半，處之與遷，必須口實。若有窮乏，糝粒不繼者，故當傾關中之穀以全其生生之計，必無擠於溝壑而不爲侵掠之害也。今我遷之，傳食而至，附其種族，自使相贍，而秦地之人得其半穀，此爲濟行者以廩糧，遺居者以積倉，寬關中之逼，去盜賊之原，除旦夕之損，建終年之益。若憚蹔舉之小勞而忘永逸之弘策，惜日月之煩苦而遺累世之寇敵，非所謂能創業垂統，謀及子孫者也。幷州之胡，本實匈奴桀惡之寇也，建安中，使右賢王去卑誘質呼廚泉，聽其部落散居六郡。咸熙之際，以一部太強，分爲三率，泰始之初，又增爲四；於是劉猛內叛，連結外虜，近者郝散之變，發於穀遠。今五部之衆，戶至數萬，人口之盛，過於西戎；其天性驍勇，弓馬便利，倍於氐、羌。若有不虞風塵之慮，則幷州之域可爲寒心。正始中，毌丘儉討句驪，徙其餘種於滎陽。始徙之時，戶落百數；子孫孳息，今以千計；數世之後，必至殷熾。百姓失職，猶或亡叛，犬馬肥充，則有噬齧，況於夷、狄，能不爲變！但顧其微弱，勢力不逮耳。夫爲邦者，憂不在寡而在不安，以四海之廣，士民之富，豈須夷虜在內然後取足哉！此等皆可申諭發遣，還其本域，慰彼羈旅懷土之思，釋我華夏纖介之憂，『惠此中國，以綏四方，』德施永世，於計爲長也！」朝廷不能用。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 83
- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian .