Quileute Indian Reservation

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Quileute Indian Reservation
Quileute Nation & La Push, Washington - panoramio.jpg
Aerial view of La Push and James Island
3030R Quileute Reservation Locator Map.svg
Location of the Quileute Indian Reservation
Tribe Quileute
Country United States
State Washington
County Clallam
Area
  Total4.061 km2 (1.568 sq mi)
Website Quileute Tribe

The Quileute Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation for the Quileute people located on the northwestern Olympic Peninsula in Clallam County, Washington, United States. The reservation is at the mouth of the Quillayute River on the Pacific coast.

Contents

La Push, Washington is the reservation's main population center. The 2000 census reported an official resident population of 371 people on the reservation, which has a land area of 4.061 km2 (1.5678 sq mi, or 1,003.4 acres).

History

Historically, the Quileute people occupied a large portion of the Olympic Peninsula, stretching from the Quillayute River north to the lands of the Makah, and as far east as the headwaters of the Sol Duc and Hoh rivers. The Quileutes signed the Quinault Treaty of 1855, however, they felt wronged by the treaty, as they did not realize that the treaty would include the total cession of their lands. [1] The wording of the treaty was "deliberately vauge", only specifying that "There shall … be reserved … a tract or tracts of land sufficient for their wants within the Territory of Washington … and hereafter surveyed or located and set apart for their exclusive use." [2]

The intent of the government to concentrate all these Indians on the Quinault Reservation under the Treaty of 1856 was clear, but the charge that the Quileute continued to live at La Push in violation of the treaty was largely nullified by the fact that the government failed to set aside the proposed reservation at Quinault until November 4, 1873, almost twenty years later, and from the records it is doubtful that the Quileute ever received the full annuity payments to which they were entitled, because of their isolation and the difficulty of getting treaty goods to them. In any event, their cause was championed by the local Indian agents and by the Office of Indian Affairs. Finally, in response to the argument that the attempt to move the Quileute to the Quinault Reservation was a mistake, the President of the United States issued an executive order on February 19, 1889, setting aside a new reservation about one mile square, at the mouth of the Quillayute River. [3]

In 1966, James Island was removed from surrounding Quillayute Needles National Wildlife Refuge by the U.S. Department of the Interior, and returned to the Quileute when the island was discovered to be part of the Quileute Indian Reservation. [4] In the 2000s, the tribal government petitioned the U.S. government for other land transfers, in particular to rebuild homes away from the coastline's tsunami hazard zone. [5] On February 27, 2012, President Obama signed HR1162 into law which gives the tribe 785 acres of Olympic National Park to move the tribal school and other facilities out of the tsunami zone. [6] Construction of the new school was completed in 2022. [7]

Government

The Quileute have their own government, consisting of a tribal council with staggered terms. The current tribal council consists of: Carol Hatch (chair), Tony Foster (vice-chair), DeAnna Hobson (secretary), and Anna Rose Counsell (treasurer). [8]

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The Quillayute River is a river situated on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. It empties to the Pacific Ocean at La Push, Washington. The Quillayute River is formed by the confluence of the Bogachiel River, Calawah River and the Sol Duc River near the town of Forks, WA. The Dickey River joins the Quillayute from the north, just above the river's mouth at the Pacific Ocean.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Push, Washington</span> Unincorporated community in Washington, United States

La Push is a small unincorporated community situated at the mouth of the Quillayute River in Clallam County, Washington, United States, in the western Olympic Peninsula. La Push is the largest community within the Quileute Indian Reservation, which is home to the federally recognized Quileute tribe. La Push is known for its whale-watching and natural environment. The community has historically been located on the coast; however, sea level rise led the community to begin managed retreat to higher grounds in 2017.

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The Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary is one of 15 marine sanctuaries administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Declared in 1994, the sanctuary encompasses 3,189 square miles (8,260 km2) of the Pacific Ocean along the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, from Cape Flattery in the north, to the mouth of the Copalis River, a distance of about 162.5 miles (261.5 km). Extending 25 to 40 miles from the shore, it includes most of the continental shelf, as well as parts of three important submarine canyons, the Nitinat Canyon, the Quinault Canyon and the Juan de Fuca Canyon. For 64 miles (103 km) along the coast, the sanctuary shares stewardship with the Olympic National Park. Sanctuary stewardship is also shared with the Hoh, Quileute, and Makah Tribes, as well as the Quinault Indian Nation. The sanctuary overlays the Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles, and Copalis Rock National Wildlife Refuges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Island (La Push, Washington)</span>

James Island is at the mouth of the Quillayute River near La Push, Washington. Local historians say it is named for Francis Wilcox James, a lighthouse keeper and friend of the Quileute Indians there, though the Origin of Washington Geographic Names attributes the name to Jimmie Howeshatta, a Quileute chief.

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The Quinault Treaty was a treaty agreement between the United States and the Native American Quinault and Quileute tribes located in the western Olympic Peninsula north of Grays Harbor, in the recently formed Washington Territory. The treaty was signed on 1 July 1855, at the Quinault River, and on 25 January 1856 at Olympia, the territorial capital. It was ratified by Congress on 8 March 1859, and proclaimed law on April 11, 1859.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Push Beach</span> Place in Washington, United States of America

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United States v. Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206 (1983), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the United States is accountable in money damages for alleged breaches of trust in connection with its management of forest resources on allotted lands of the Quinault Reservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quinault Indian Nation</span> Ethnic group

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References

  1. Van Pelt, Julie (2007-12-10). "Forks -- Thumbnail History". HistoryLink . Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  2. Wright, Tim. A History of Treaties and Reservations on the Olympic Peninsula, 1855-1898 (PDF). Olympic Peninsula Community Museum.
  3. Pettitt, George A. (1950-05-19). "The Quileute of La Push, 1775-1945" (PDF). Anthropological Records, University of California Press. 14 (1): 27.
  4. Removed by Public Land Order 4095, September 19, 1966, according to Comprehensive Conservation Plan/Environmental Assessment, Chapter 1, page 1-8.
  5. Camden, Jim (October 9, 2011). "Quileute Tribe fights for ancestral land, safety". The Spokesman-Review . Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  6. "Obama signs law giving Quileute land out of tsunami zone".
  7. "Quileute Tribe opens K-12 school on higher ground".
  8. "Tribal Council | Quileute Tribe" . Retrieved 2024-06-25.

47°54′23″N124°37′30″W / 47.90639°N 124.62500°W / 47.90639; -124.62500