RCAF Eastern Air Command

Last updated
Eastern Air Command
Active15 November 1938 - 1 March 1947
CountryCanadian Red Ensign (1921-1957).svg  Canada
AllegianceCanadian Red Ensign (1921-1957).svg  Canada
Branch Royal Canadian Air Force Ensign (1941-1968).svg Royal Canadian Air Force
Part of RCAF Home War Establishment, Canadian Northwest Atlantic Command (after 1943)
Motto(s)Seaward
Engagements Second World War

Eastern Air Command was the part of the Royal Canadian Air Force's Home War Establishment responsible for air operations on the Atlantic coast of Canada during the Second World War. It played a critical role in anti-submarine operations in Canadian and Newfoundland waters during the Battle of the Atlantic. Eastern Air Command also had several fighter squadrons and operational training units under its umbrella.

Royal Canadian Air Force Air warfare branch of Canadas military

The Royal Canadian Air Force is the air force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2013, the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 14,500 Regular Force and 2,600 Primary Reserve personnel, supported by 2,500 civilians, and operates 258 manned aircraft and 9 unmanned aerial vehicles. Lieutenant-General Al Meinzinger is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Chief of the Air Force Staff.

Battle of the Atlantic longest continuous military campaign in World War II

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was a major part of the Naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.

Contents

Order of battle

10 September 1939

HQ Halifax, Nova Scotia.
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 1 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station St. Hubert
No. 2 Squadron RCAF Armstrong Whitworth Atlas RCAF Station Saint John - disbanded 16 December
No. 5 Squadron RCAF Supermarine Stranraer RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 8 Squadron RCAF Northrop Delta RCAF Station Sydney
No. 10 Squadron RCAF Westland Wapiti RCAF Station Halifax
No. 116 Squadron RCAF No aircraft RCAF Station Halifax - disbanded 2 November
No. 117 Squadron RCAF No aircraft RCAF Station Saint John - disbanded 28 October

[1]

1 January 1943

HQ Halifax, Nova Scotia
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 10 Squadron RCAF Douglas Digby RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 11 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 113 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Station Yarmouth
No. 116 Squadron RCAF Consolidated PBY Catalina RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 117 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 119 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Station Sydney
No. 121 Squadron RCAF Various RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 126 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 128 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 129 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 130 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Bagotville
No. 162 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Yarmouth
No. 1 Group. HQ St. John's, Newfoundland
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 5 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Gander
No. 125 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Torbay
No. 127 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Torbay
No. 145 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Station Torbay

[1]

6 June 1944

HQ Halifax, Nova Scotia
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 113 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Ventura RCAF Station Yarmouth - Moved to Torbay 21 June, disbanded 23 August
No. 119 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Station Sydney
No. 121 Squadron RCAF Various RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 126 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 128 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 145 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Ventura RCAF Station Yarmouth
No. 160 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Yarmouth
No. 167 Squadron RCAF Various RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 1 Group, HQ St. John's, Newfoundland
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 5 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Torbay
No. 10 Squadron RCAF Consolidated B-24 Liberator RCAF Station Torbay
No. 11 Squadron RCAF Consolidated B-24 Liberator RCAF Station Torbay - Moved to Dartmouth 18 June
No. 116 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Gander
No. 127 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Gander
No. 129 Squadron RCAF Hawker Hurricane RCAF Station Dartmouth
No. 5 (Gulf) Group, HQ Gaspé, Quebec
SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 161 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RCAF Station Gaspé
No. 162 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Canso RAF Reykjavik - On loan to Coastal Command
No. 119 Squadron RCAF Lockheed Hudson RCAF Mount Joli - Disbanded in March 1944

[1]

No. 12 (Operational Training) Group

No. 12 Group was headquartered at Halifax, Nova Scotia and No. 3 Training Command RCAF had its headquarters at Montreal, Quebec.

No. 3 Training Command RCAF was a training command of the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II established to administer the schools of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

No. 3 Training Command provided training for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), flying from air bases throughout Quebec and the Maritime provinces. The schools were operated by the RAF or the RCAF however the operational training units were RCAF units and under command of No. 12 Group, RCAF Eastern Air Command. The assigned training schools and units conducted advanced flying courses including Service Flying Training (SFTS), Air Observer (AOS), Bombing and Gunnery (BGS), General Reconnaissance (ocean patrol) (GRS), Naval Aerial Gunnery (NAGS), Air Navigation (ANS) and Operational (OTU) training throughout the war (see the following table).

British Commonwealth Air Training Plan joint military aircrew training program during World War II

The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), or Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS) often referred to as simply "The Plan", was a massive, joint military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, during the Second World War. BCATP remains as one of the single largest aviation training programs in history and was responsible for training nearly half the pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, air gunners, wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the war.

Together with some of the advanced aircraft types these units mainly flew hundreds of older bomber and patrol aircraft that had been relegated to armed training roles. Training Command aircraft were very active everywhere over the entire Eastern Command Area of Operations and therefore made an important contribution to the surveillance of the region acting as a force multiplier -providing extra eyes and ears on watch for enemy U-Boats during flying patrols -particularly during the emergency of the Battle of the St. Lawrence when some of the units temporarily took part as a stop gap measure.

A good example of the training schools involvement in operations with the EAC during the emergency of the battle is illustrated by author Hugh A. Haliday wrote: "The need for Atlantic patrols was undiminished, yet the Battle of the St. Lawrence stretched EAC resources. Based at Charlottetown, 31 General Reconnaissance School was mobilized to fly patrols using Avro Ansons, each carrying two 250-pound bombs. At the very outset of the war the Anson and its ordnance had failed in RAF anti-submarine work. Now in Canada it was remobilized as an aerial scarecrow. German views varied as to Canadian countermeasures. The captain of U-517 found his operations increasingly restricted by strengthened air patrols. In October 1942, U-69 reported “strong sea patrol and constant patrol by aircraft with radar.” [2]

SquadronType of AircraftStation
No. 1 GRS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Summerside PEI
No. 31 GRS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Charlotteown PEI
No. 2 ANS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Charlotteown PEI
No. 32 Air Navigation School RAF Avro Anson RCAF Charlottetown PEI
No. 9 SFTS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Summerside PEI - moved to RCAF Centralia ON July 1942
No. 8 SFTS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Moncton NB
No. 13 SFTS BCATP North American Harvard RCAF St. Hubert PQ - moved to N. Battleford SK Feb 1944
No. 8 AOS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Quebec City PQ
No. 9 Air Observers School RCAF Avro Anson RCAF St. Jean PQ
No. 10 AOS BCATP Avro Anson RCAF Chatham NB
No. 9 BGS BCATP Avro Anson, Bristol Bolingbroke, Westland Lysander, Fairey Battle RCAF Mt. Joli PQ
No. 10 BGS BCATP Avro Anson, Bristol Bolingbroke, Westland Lysander, Fairey Battle RCAF Mt. Pleasant PEI
No. 1 OTU BCATP Hawker Hurricane RCAF Bagotville PQ
No. 7 OTU BCATP Lockheed Hudson, DeHavilland Mosquito RCAF Debert NS
No. 6 OTU BCATP Avro Anson, Bristol Beaufort, Handley Page Hampden, Fairey Swordfish RCAF Greenwood NS
No. 8 OTU BCATP Lockheed Hudson, DeHavilland Mosquito RCAF Greenwood NS
No. 34 OTU BCATP Lockheed Ventura RCAF Pennfield Ridge NS
No. 1 NAGS BCATP Fairey Swordfish Yarmouth NS

[1]

See also

Western Air Command was the part of the Royal Canadian Air Force's Home War Establishment responsible for air operations on the Pacific coast of Canada during the Second World War.

David Ernest Hornell Second World War pilot, recipient of the Victoria Cross

David Ernest Hornell VC was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

ONS 5 was the 5th of the numbered ONS series of Slow trade convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The North Atlantic battle surrounding it in May 1943 is regarded as the turning point of the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. The battle ebbed and flowed over a period of a week, and involved more than 50 Allied ships and their escorts, and over 30 U-boats. It saw heavy losses on both sides. However it was almost the last Allied convoy to do so, while losses inflicted on attacking U-boats and U-boat groups became a besetting feature of the campaign; As such it is seen as the point when the tactical and strategic advantage passed to the Allies, and ushered in the period known to Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine as Black May.

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Yarmouth Airport

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Battle of the St. Lawrence

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No. 119 Squadron RCAF

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No. 1 General Reconnaissance School RCAF was a flight training unit in 3 Training Command, of the Royal Canadian Air Force, flying Avro Ansons from RCAF Station Summerside, PEI.

No. 2 Air Navigation School was a navigation training school in No. 3 Training Command RCAF, of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan("BCATP"), flying Avro Anson's from RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge. It was opened on 21 July 1941 and closed on 30 April 1942. A second school with the same number opened at RCAF Station Charlottetown on 21 February 1944 and closed on 7 July 1945.

No. 32 Air Navigation School RAF was a flight training squadron in 3 Training Command, of the Royal Canadian Air Force flying Avro Anson's from RCAF Station Charlottetown, PEI.

No. 8 Service Flying Training School RCAF was a flight training squadron in 3 Training Command, of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), flying Avro Ansons from RCAF Station Moncton, New Brunswick. The school was opened 23 December 1940. The school was relocated to RCAF Station Weyburn, Saskatchewan on 24 January 1944 and was disbanded 30 June 1944.

No. 13 Service Flying Training School RCAF was a RAF flight training unit flying Avro Ansons from RCAF Station St Hubert, Quebec and later from RCAF Station North Battleford, Saskatchewan. It was part of No. 3 Training Command RCAF carrying out British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ("BCATP") operations.

No. 8 Air Observer School RAF was a flight training unit of the Royal Air Force, flying Avro Ansons stationed in Canada at RCAF Station Quebec City.

No. 2 Squadron was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) squadron active during the late 1930s. The squadron operated army cooperation aircraft from 1935, and upon the outbreak of World War II was selected for overseas duty. However, a shortage of aircraft forced its disbandment in late 1939 to reinforce two other squadrons.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 RCAF Commands and their Units Retrieved 2013-01-10
  2. Hugh A. Haliday, "Eastern Air Command: Air Force, Part 14", Royal Canadian Legion magazine, 1st of March, 2006