Replication factor C subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC4 gene. [5] [6]
Replication factor C subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC4 gene. [5] [6]
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 37 kD subunit. This subunit forms a core complex with the 36 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [6]
RFC4 has been shown to interact with:
The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics.
p21Cip1, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, though is primarily associated with inhibition of CDK2. p21 represents a major target of p53 activity and thus is associated with linking DNA damage to cell cycle arrest. This protein is encoded by the CDKN1A gene located on chromosome 6 (6p21.2) in humans.
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.
Ku80 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC5 gene. Together, Ku70 and Ku80 make up the Ku heterodimer, which binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. It is also required for V(D)J recombination, which utilizes the NHEJ pathway to promote antigen diversity in the mammalian immune system.
Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD17 gene.
Checkpoint protein HUS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HUS1 gene.
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCM4 gene.
Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD1 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC1 gene.
Cyclin-O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNO gene.
Replication factor C subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC2 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC3 gene.
Replication factor C subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC5 gene.
DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD2 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FXYD2 gene.
DNA polymerase delta subunit 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD3 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.
Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHTF18 gene.
Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle. Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion is the process by which chromatin-associated cohesin protein becomes competent to physically bind together the sister chromatids. In general, cohesion is established during S phase as DNA is replicated, and is lost when chromosomes segregate during mitosis and meiosis. Some studies have suggested that cohesion aids in aligning the kinetochores during mitosis by forcing the kinetochores to face opposite cell poles.
Frank Uhlmann FRS is a group leader at the Francis Crick Institute in London.