Radiant exposure

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In radiometry, radiant exposure or fluence is the radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently the irradiance of a surface, integrated over time of irradiation, and spectral exposure is the radiant exposure per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiant exposure is the joule per square metre (J/m²), while that of spectral exposure in frequency is the joule per square metre per hertz (J⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹) and that of spectral exposure in wavelength is the joule per square metre per metre (J/m³)—commonly the joule per square metre per nanometre (J⋅m⁻²⋅nm⁻¹).

Mathematical definitions

Radiant exposure

Radiant exposure of a surface, denoted H_e ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities), is defined as ^[1] $${\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {e} }={\frac {\partial Q_{\mathrm {e} }}{\partial A}}=\int _{0}^{T}E_{\mathrm {e} }(t)\,\mathrm {d} t,}$$ where

• ∂ is the partial derivative symbol;
• Q_e is the radiant energy;
• A is the area;
• T is the duration of irradiation;
• E_e is the irradiance.

Spectral exposure

Spectral exposure in frequency of a surface, denoted H_e,ν, is defined as ^[1] $${\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }={\frac {\partial H_{\mathrm {e} }}{\partial \nu }},}$$ where ν is the frequency.

Spectral exposure in wavelength of a surface, denoted H_e,λ, is defined as ^[1] $${\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {e} ,\lambda }={\frac {\partial H_{\mathrm {e} }}{\partial \lambda }},}$$ where λ is the wavelength.

SI radiometry units

SI radiometry units

• v
• t
• e

Quantity		Unit		Dimension	Notes
Name	Symbol [nb 1]	Name	Symbol
Radiant energy	Qe [nb 2]	joule	J	M⋅L2⋅T−2	Energy of electromagnetic radiation.
Radiant energy density	we	joule per cubic metre	J/m3	M⋅L−1⋅T−2	Radiant energy per unit volume.
Radiant flux	Φe [nb 2]	watt	W = J/s	M⋅L2⋅T−3	Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in astronomy.
Spectral flux	Φe,ν [nb 3]	watt per hertz	W/Hz	M⋅L2⋅T −2	Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm−1.
	Φe,λ [nb 4]	watt per metre	W/m	M⋅L⋅T−3
Radiant intensity	Ie,Ω [nb 5]	watt per steradian	W/sr	M⋅L2⋅T−3	Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle. This is a directional quantity.
Spectral intensity	Ie,Ω,ν [nb 3]	watt per steradian per hertz	W⋅sr−1⋅Hz−1	M⋅L2⋅T−2	Radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr−1⋅nm−1. This is a directional quantity.
	Ie,Ω,λ [nb 4]	watt per steradian per metre	W⋅sr−1⋅m−1	M⋅L⋅T−3
Radiance	Le,Ω [nb 5]	watt per steradian per square metre	W⋅sr−1⋅m−2	M⋅T−3	Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area. This is a directional quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
Spectral radiance Specific intensity	Le,Ω,ν [nb 3]	watt per steradian per square metre per hertz	W⋅sr−1⋅m−2⋅Hz−1	M⋅T−2	Radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr−1⋅m−2⋅nm−1. This is a directional quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
	Le,Ω,λ [nb 4]	watt per steradian per square metre, per metre	W⋅sr−1⋅m−3	M⋅L−1⋅T−3
Irradiance Flux density	Ee [nb 2]	watt per square metre	W/m2	M⋅T−3	Radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
Spectral irradiance Spectral flux density	Ee,ν [nb 3]	watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1	M⋅T−2	Irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". Non-SI units of spectral flux density include jansky (1 Jy = 10−26 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1) and solar flux unit (1 sfu = 10−22 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1 = 104 Jy).
	Ee,λ [nb 4]	watt per square metre, per metre	W/m3	M⋅L−1⋅T−3
Radiosity	Je [nb 2]	watt per square metre	W/m2	M⋅T−3	Radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
Spectral radiosity	Je,ν [nb 3]	watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1	M⋅T−2	Radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m−2⋅nm−1. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
	Je,λ [nb 4]	watt per square metre, per metre	W/m3	M⋅L−1⋅T−3
Radiant exitance	Me [nb 2]	watt per square metre	W/m2	M⋅T−3	Radiant flux emitted by a surface per unit area. This is the emitted component of radiosity. "Radiant emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity".
Spectral exitance	Me,ν [nb 3]	watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1	M⋅T−2	Radiant exitance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m−2⋅nm−1. "Spectral emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity".
	Me,λ [nb 4]	watt per square metre, per metre	W/m3	M⋅L−1⋅T−3
Radiant exposure	He	joule per square metre	J/m2	M⋅T−2	Radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently irradiance of a surface integrated over time of irradiation. This is sometimes also called "radiant fluence".
Spectral exposure	He,ν [nb 3]	joule per square metre per hertz	J⋅m−2⋅Hz−1	M⋅T−1	Radiant exposure of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in J⋅m−2⋅nm−1. This is sometimes also called "spectral fluence".
	He,λ [nb 4]	joule per square metre, per metre	J/m3	M⋅L−1⋅T−2
See also: SI Radiometry Photometry

1. Standards organizations recommend that radiometric quantities should be denoted with suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities.
2. Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy, P or F for radiant flux, I for irradiance, W for radiant exitance.
3. Spectral quantities given per unit frequency are denoted with suffix " ν " (Greek letter nu, not to be confused with a letter "v", indicating a photometric quantity.)
4. Spectral quantities given per unit wavelength are denoted with suffix " λ ".
5. Directional quantities are denoted with suffix "Ω".

See also

• Exposure (photography)
• Irradiance
• Radiant energy

References

1. IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) " Radiant exposure ". doi : 10.1351/goldbook.R05042