Rat Skates

Last updated

Rat Skates
Rat Skates 2007.jpg
Skates filming in New Jersey, 2007.
Background information
Birth nameLee John Kundrat
Born (1961-05-17) May 17, 1961 (age 62)
Summit, New Jersey
Genres Heavy metal, thrash metal, speed metal, rock
Occupation(s)Director, producer, screenwriter, actor, musician
Instrument(s) Drums, vocals
Years active1979–present
Labels Warner Bros., Atlantic, WEA, Megaforce Records, MVD Visual
Website www.ratskates.com

Rat Skates (born Lee Kundrat on May 17, 1961) is an American filmmaker, writer and musician. He is most widely known as a director of music documentaries and his contributions to the thrash metal genre as a founding member and the original drummer of Overkill. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Early life

Rat Skates grew up in a conservative middle-class household in New Providence, New Jersey, where he attended school, played sports and drew artwork. By age ten, he was listening to music daily from the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and Elton John during his Goodbye Yellow Brick Road era. [4] [5] He achieved semi-professional status as a skateboarder and was sponsored by surf shops in Seaside Heights, New Jersey. He won first and second places in freestyle, slalom, and ramp competitions. His friends dubbed him with the nickname "Rat Skates" combining part of his last name and skateboarding. [4] [5]

At age 15, he studied jazz drumming techniques with instructor Jack Robertello, and taught himself to play the drum parts of songs performed by rock drummers Cliff Davies, Joey Kramer, John Bonham and Peter Criss. [4] [6] Skates met Carlo Verni (later known as D.D. Blaze, then D.D. Verni) in New Providence High School in 1976, and they formed a punk group known as The Lubricunts. [7] [8] [9] At age 17, they played the nightclubs CBGB, Great Gildersleeves, Max's Kansas City, Trudy Heller's, Bottany Talk House, The Mudd Club and The Showplace. [4] [5]

While he was working at his first post-high school job as a graphic artist and printing press operator at RC Graphics in Caldwell, New Jersey, Skates met the Misfits founder/bassist Jerry Only while he was delivering printed materials to Pro Edge the knife blade factory owned by Only's father where Only also worked. [4] [5] [10] Only booked a recording session to have Skates play drums on a Misfits recording, but Skates could not use his mother's car to make it to the session. [4] [5] [10] He worked as a stock boy in the Summit Food Market to re-pay his mother who loaned him money to purchase a Ludwig double bass drum kit. In 1980, the Lubricunts disbanded. [4] [5] [10]

Professional career

Musician

Overkill

Skates placed an advertisement in The Aquarian Weekly newspaper to locate new heavy metal musicians that was answered by guitarist Robert Pisarek (who became known as Riff Thunder), bringing with him bassist/vocalist Robert Ellsworth (who became known as Bobby Blitz) who were members of a cover rock group known as D.O.A. [4] [5] [11] They temporarily named themselves Virgin Killer, after the Scorpions’ record of the same name, and permanently changed their name to Overkill which Pisarek selected from the title of a Motörhead record of the same name. [4] [5] [11]

Skates and Verni envisioned and implemented a theatrical, horror-oriented theme for Overkill, using visual elements from Kiss, Misfits, Alice Cooper, Twisted Sister, and an unsigned club band from Pennsylvania named The Dead End Kids. [12] [13] [14] From 1981 to 1984, he participated in the underground new wave of British heavy metal cassette tape-trading circuit that was shared between North America and Europe, that was the foundation for Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, Exodus to evolve into the genre known as thrash metal. [2] [15] [16] Skates promoted Overkill by creating the components he deemed essential to the success of national recording acts that included: creating stage name banners made with slide projectors and magic markers, modifying ornaments from Halloween costumes into stage clothing and stage props, silk-screening T-shirts, a castle-dungeon stage design made of hand-textured Styrofoam walls and supported by milk crates, rubber stamping the Overkill logo on guitar picks and drum sticks for fan souvenirs, and advertising with rubber-stamped stickers placed on highway toll booths. [11] [17] [18]

In March and September 1983, Skates co-composed five original songs for a demo tape titled Power in Black . [14] [19] He dubbed individual cassette-tape copies for selling and to solicit for a recording contract, used a Xerox photocopier in a library to create a two-sided cover, and shrink wrapped copies using plastic film used to make fruit baskets and a hair dryer to include in their press kit. [5] [20] This resulted in offers he accepted for Overkill to place songs on two compilation LP records: Metal Massacre V , and New York Metal ‘84 and accepted an offer from Azra/ Metalstorm Records to distribute a four-song EP record contingent upon his delivery of self-financed recordings and print-ready mechanical artwork. [4] [5] [21]

Skates established a relationship with Jon and Marsha Zazula in 1982 by mutual acquaintances of the Old Bridge Militia, an assembly of heavy metal fans and roadies who were providing their home for musicians Dave Mustaine, James Hetfield, Lars Ulrich and Cliff Burton to live. [2] [4] [12] The Zazula’s were proprietors of Rock ‘n Roll Heaven, an import specialty record store located within the Route 18 Flea Market in East Brunswick, New Jersey. Assisted by band photographer and merchandiser Lori DeAngelis, he sold one thousand Power In Black cassette tapes from Rock ‘n Roll Heaven on a consignment basis in eleven months. [5] [22] [23] In 1982, the Zazulas formed Megaforce Records, which debuted L.P. record albums from Metallica, Raven, Anthrax, Exciter, Manowar and Talas. The Zazulas recognized the unit sales of Power in Black through Rock ‘n Roll Heaven and by Skates' international marketing, and they presented him with a four-album recording contract offer that Skates accepted and was signed by the members of Overkill on April 10, 1985. [5] [24] [25]

From 1985–1987 Skates arranged and co-wrote two full-length studio LP records: Feel the Fire (Megaforce) and Taking Over (Megaforce/ Atlantic), which debuted at number 191 on the Billboard Top 200 on April 11, 1987. [26] He implemented the song "Fuck You!" by The Subhumans that was embodied in a live/ studio EP of the same name. [9] [11] He toured for these records in North America, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, Great Britain, Poland, France, Holland and Austria as thrash metal bands experienced exponential growth during these years. [9] [12] [18] Skates became inundated with touring and recording commitments, and stated that the close-mindedness of some band members was suppressing Overkill’s success, and the inability to satisfy his work ethics resulted in deep depression, excessive sleeping and alcoholism. [4] [5] He refused to meet the commitments required by a recording artist employed within the recording industry, and he announced his departure in Los Angeles, California in the fall of 1987 while completing a tour with Megadeth. [27] [28]

Legacy

Overkill’s early success has been attributed to Skates’ songwriting presence and creative efforts. [7] [11] [29] He was voted one of the top-ten drummers of 1987 by the Japanese publication Burrn! , and his drumming on the songs "There's No Tomorrow" and "Feel the Fire" were the first recorded songs in the thrash metal genre to encompass non-continuous 16th note double bass drum patterns. [30] [31] The Overkill logo was drawn and colored lime green by Skates in 1981, and is recognized as one of the most famous heavy metal logos. [4] [16] He noted that when he removed the cross emblem from between the words in his original logo design, he never connected the two words "Over" and "Kill" together, and that is it was never resolved as being a one-word or two-word name, suggesting that Lemmy from Motörhead would know the answer. [5] Skates declined offers to join Megadeth, M.O.D. and Mind Funk; he never attempted to return to Overkill and stated that his only regret was "being naïve to trust". [5] [10] [23]

Other

In 1988, Skates wrote Some Stuff I Recorded, a ten-song demo of ideas to share with other musicians for a new project, where he played bass, drums, keyboards and vocals while intoxicated. [30] [32] This songwriting was recognized by Japan's Burrn! magazine, as three songs from this effort debuted as numbers 1, 2 and 3 on their top ten charts in July 1988. [33] These compositions were re-recorded under the name Bone To Bone with guitarist Jules Asilo, bassist Kevin Drexler, saxophonist Jim Riccio, and former bandmate Bobby Blitz on vocals. [32] Skates also recorded a country-pop project Ten Mile Road to Hell with Nashville-based composer/guitarist Eric Cook in 1989. [32]

From 1988 to 1996, Skates established a career as a percussion instructor through both private instruction and the New Jersey Percussion Center in Rockaway, New Jersey. [4] [12] During this period he performed in public drum clinics and studied Gary Chester’s book The New Breed through private studies with rock and jazz fusion drummer Karl Latham. [5] [32] In February 1990, Skates accepted an offer to join Bomb Squad, a rock/metal group of New Jersey musicians that was affiliated with The Old Bridge Militia. [12] [32] He states that Bomb Squad was the most enjoyable musical experience to-date, and the pinnacle of his songwriting and drumming. [32] In 1993, a pending record contract between Bomb Squad and MCA Records collapsed. [32] Vocalist John Poper and bassist Michael Bloomer departed, and Skates and guitarist John Crothers continued on briefly with vocalist Mario Lanuza before completely disbanding in 1993. [32]

Filmmaker and writer

Skates freelanced for the Suburban Cablevision television network as an audio engineer, live mixer and cameraman from 1988 to 1992; departing due to creative conflicts. [12] [32] In 1999, he studied digital audio production and non-linear editing from Trish and Chris Meyer, Jay Rose, and Adam Wilt, and designed and wrote advertising media for television, radio, print publications, performing arts societies, Fortune 500 companies, record labels and recording artists. [3] [12] As an independent filmmaker, he co-produced, edited and animated designs for the documentary Get Thrashed (2008, Lightyear/Warner Bros. Entertainment) and Born in the Basement (2007, MVD Entertainment Group), receiving twenty-one screenings in eight countries, winning six awards and pay-per-view broadcasting. [2] [3] [34]

Skates conceptualized Rock-Un-Rold, a musician’s television talk show with colleague David Ellefson (bassist, Megadeth), and filmed a demo shoot at The Studio in New York City on October 28, 2007. They moderated two discussion panels of six recording artists and pitched an edited version to a Viacom representative who declined the concept due to the content being "too intelligent". [34] [35] In response, Skates began filming interviews in 2009 for the documentary film Welcome to the Dream- The Rude Awakening of Rock Stardom for release by the MVD Entertainment Group in 2012. The films preview teaser excerpts interviews from Grammy-award winning guitarist Vernon Reid (Living Colour), Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater), Anvil, Jay Jay French (Twisted Sister), Karl Wilcox (Diamond Head), Dr. Patricia Basczcuk (Psychologist) and Robert J. Pisarek, Esq. (Attorney), and an excerpt from his commissioned work for Lynyrd Skynyrd. It is sponsored by the International Documentary Association. [34] [36] [37]

Personal life

Skates cites writers/actors John Cleese, Jerry Seinfeld, Will Smith and Tim Allen amongst his influences. He married photographer and merchandiser Lori DeAngelis whom he had dated in 1980; she is third cousin to director Brian De Palma. They are both Christian conservatives, parents to three boys and currently reside in Texas. [5] [32]

Discography

ArtistTitleLabelTypeYear
Overkill Power in Black Blood Metal MusicCassette1983
Overkill Overkill Azra/ Metal StormE.P. Record1984
Overkill Feel The Fire MegaforceL.P. Record1985
Overkill Taking Over Megaforce/ AtlanticL.P. Record/ Compact Disc1987
Overkill !!!Fuck You!!! Megaforce/ CarolineE.P. Record/ Compact Disc1987
Rat Skates/ Bone To BoneSome Stuff I RecordedIndependentCassette1988
Eric Cook (Koch)Ten Mile Road To HellWild TurkeyCassette1989
Bomb SquadLive at Suite 16DemolitionCassette1991
OverkillFuck You and Then SomeMegaforceCassette/ Compact Disc1996
OverkillFuck You and Then Some/ Feel The FireMegaforceCompact Disc2005
LubricuntsSorry About Your RoofVector/ HottentotsDownload/ Rhapsody/ iTunes2007

Filmography

TitleRole(s)LabelYear
Welcome to the DreamDirector/ ScreenwriterMVD Entertainment Group2012
Born in The BasementActor/ Executive Producer/ ScreenwriterMVD Entertainment Group2007
Get ThrashedActor/ Associate Producer/ Designer/ Animator/ Editor/ CameraLightyear/ Warner Bros.2008

Other appearances

TitlePerformanceWorkTypeLabelYear
MetallicaCastBiographyTelevision ProgramA&E Networks2009
The Last Bastions of RockCastFritch ClarkDocumentary FilmUrban Blight Films2009
Death RiderSong PerformanceMetal Massacre VCompilation L.P. RecordMetal Blade1984
Feel The FireSong PerformanceNew York Metal '84Compilation L.P. RecordRock City Records1984
Songs (multiple) from Feel The FireLive Song/ German Concert PerformanceThe Metal Hammer RoadshowVHS VideoMetal Hammer A.G.1986
In Union We StandSong Performance/ Acting SynchHeadbangers BallBeta/ Music VideoAtlantic Recording Group/ MTV Networks1987
Song Performances (Multiple)Live Song/ Concert PerformanceVideoscopeVHS VideoAtlantic/ WEA1991
Song Performances (Multiple)Live Song/ Concert PerformanceWrecking Everything/ The Batmen ReturnDVDSpitfire/ Eagle Vision USA2002

Notes

  1. ↑ Bienstock, Richard. Guitar World, ASIN: B000RPKQES
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ernst, Rick. Get Thrashed- The Story of Thrash Metal ASIN: B001AR4K6C
  3. 1 2 3 Trunk, Eddie. Q104.3 Friday night Rocks (Sept. 08)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lamadier, Laurent. Snakepit Issue #17, pages 63–68, Nov. 2008
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 DeAngelis-Kundrat, Lori. Born in The Basement, MVD Visual (2007) ASIN: B000RPKQES
  6. ↑ Laszlo, David. Stygian Shadows Issue #13-14/08 pages 88–91
  7. 1 2 Pierce, Ken. Piercing Metal (05-12-07)
  8. ↑ Fat Freddy. Heart of Metal (05-28-07)
  9. 1 2 3 Forbes, Chris. Metal Core fanzine
  10. 1 2 3 4 Roth, Keith/ Kristi, Aimee. WRAT Electric Ballroom (03-16-08)
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Van Horn, Ray Jr. The Metal Minute (12-08-07)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 McKinney, Mark. Live 4 Metal (12-27-07)
  13. ↑ Wiederhorn, Jon. MTV Headbangers Ball (05-24-07)
  14. 1 2 Doe, Bernard. Metal Forces Issue #3/83, page 41
  15. ↑ Epstein, Dan. Revolver Issue# 56, page 62 (May 2007)
  16. 1 2 Ciavarella, Liz. Metal Maniacs, page 81, Spring 2008
  17. ↑ Bowar, Chad. About.com (06-07-07)
  18. 1 2 Sakellariou, Markos. Metal Hammer Issue #282, page 72, June 2008
  19. ↑ Jiminez, Jean-Francois. Enfer Issue #10/84, page 11
  20. ↑ Mooring, Matt. Metalreview.com (08-01-07)
  21. ↑ Kaye, Don. Rock Hard Issue #10, 3/85, page 19
  22. ↑ Lerch, Ewe. Rock Hard Issue #15/85, page 12
  23. 1 2 Moore, Dawn. The Metal Web
  24. ↑ Reynolds, Dave. Metal Forces Issue #11/85, page 8
  25. ↑ Dawson, Cherryl. The Movie Chicks (11-01-07)
  26. ↑ Top 200. Billboard magazine, Nielsen Media (04-11-87)
  27. ↑ Kee, Chris. Zero Tolerance Issue #120 page 107, Nov/Dec 2007
  28. ↑ Rhode Island Rock. Heavy Metal Addiction (12-24-07)
  29. ↑ Kee, Chris. Power Play Issue #91 page 66, Sept. 2007
  30. 1 2 Sakota, Far. Burrn Issue #7/88, page 62
  31. ↑ Tollison, Robin. Drums and Drumming, Issue #11/90, page 31
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Skates, Rat. Born in the Basement: Music/ Film
  33. ↑ Sakota, Far. Burrn Issue #7/88, page 150
  34. 1 2 3 Skates, Rat. Welcome to the Dream- The Rude Awakening of Rock Stardom
  35. ↑ Skates, Rat. "Helping Artists to Survive the Collision of Art, Money, Ego Success and Fear"
  36. ↑ Krushna, Hare. Metal Assault Radio (10-28-10)
  37. ↑ Catricola, Mike. Heavy Metal Mayhem-Talk Radio (12-05-10)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Megadeth</span> American thrash metal band

Megadeth is an American thrash metal band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 by vocalist/guitarist Dave Mustaine. Known for their technically complex guitar work and musicianship, Megadeth is one of the "big four" of American thrash metal along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer, responsible for the genre's development and popularization. Their music features complex arrangements and fast rhythm sections, dual lead guitars, and lyrical themes of war, politics, religion, death, and personal relationships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Overkill (band)</span> American thrash metal band

Overkill is an American thrash metal band, formed in 1980 in New Jersey. They have gone through many lineup changes, leaving bassist D.D. Verni and lead vocalist Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth as the only constant members. In addition to Verni and Ellsworth, Overkill's current lineup includes Dave Linsk on lead guitar, Derek Tailer on rhythm guitar and Jason Bittner on drums. Along with Nuclear Assault and Anthrax, whose one-time lead guitarist Dan Spitz was also an early member of Overkill, the band is one of the most successful East Coast thrash metal bands, and they are often called "the Motörhead of thrash metal", based on their unique playing style, which was influenced by punk rock and the new wave of British heavy metal. The band has a notable mascot named "Chaly" who has appeared on many of their album covers.

Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its overall aggression and often fast tempo. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead guitar work. The lyrical subject matter often includes criticism of The Establishment, opposition to armed conflicts, and at times shares a disdain for the Christian religion with that of black metal. The language is typically direct and denunciatory, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Testament (band)</span> American thrash metal band

Testament is an American thrash metal band from Berkeley, California. Formed in 1983 under the name Legacy, the band's current lineup comprises rhythm guitarist Eric Peterson, lead vocalist Chuck Billy, lead guitarist Alex Skolnick, bassist Steve Di Giorgio and drummer Chris Dovas. Testament has experienced many lineup changes over the years, with Peterson being the only remaining original member, though they have since reunited with Skolnick, who had been out of the band from 1992 to 2005. Billy has been a member of Testament since 1986, when he replaced original singer Steve "Zetro" Souza, who had left to replace Paul Baloff in Exodus. He and Peterson are the only members to appear on all of Testament's studio albums, with the latter being the only constant member overall.

<i>The Legacy</i> (album) 1987 studio album by Testament

The Legacy is the debut studio album by American thrash metal band Testament. It was released on April 21, 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Overkill (Motörhead song)</span>

"Overkill" is a song by English rock band Motörhead. It was released in 7" and 12" vinyl pressings in 1979. It is backed with B-side "Too Late Too Late" which appears on the CD re-issues of the Overkill album. Early copies came with an "Overkill" badge. The single reached number 39 on the UK Singles Chart.

<i>The Years of Decay</i> 1989 studio album by Overkill

The Years of Decay is the fourth studio album by thrash metal band Overkill, released on October 13, 1989 through Atlantic and Megaforce Records. It is the last Overkill album to feature guitarist Bobby Gustafson, who either left or was fired by the band amid a feud between himself and its founding members Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth (vocalist) and D. D. Verni (bassist). The Years of Decay was also the first of two Overkill albums produced by Terry Date, who took on the same role for their follow-up album Horrorscope (1991).

<i>Under the Influence</i> (Overkill album) 1988 studio album by Overkill

Under the Influence is the third studio album by thrash metal band Overkill, released on July 5, 1988 through Megaforce Records and Atlantic Records. This was Overkill's first album to feature drummer Sid Falck, who had replaced Rat Skates when the latter left the band in 1987 during the Taking Over tour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Excel (band)</span> American crossover thrash band

Excel is a crossover thrash band from Venice, California, founded in 1983 by singer Dan Clements and guitarist Adam Siegel. They were influenced by 1970s punk rock musicians like the Germs and Black Flag, and heavy metal bands like Black Sabbath, Trouble, Slayer, Corrosion of Conformity and Cryptic Slaughter. They were also influenced by street art, Excel is known for painting graffiti on the streets of the cities where they make their tours, hence there are many different logos of the band.

<i>Horrorscope</i> (Overkill album) 1991 studio album by Overkill

Horrorscope is the fifth studio album by thrash metal band Overkill, released on September 3, 1991, through Atlantic and Megaforce Records. It was the first Overkill album to feature the duo of guitarists Merritt Gant and Rob Cannavino, and the last to be released through Megaforce, although they remained on Atlantic until 1995. Like its predecessor, The Years of Decay (1989), Horrorscope was produced by Terry Date.

<i>Taking Over</i> (Overkill album) 1987 studio album by Overkill

Taking Over is the second studio album by thrash metal band Overkill, released in March 1987 through Atlantic and Megaforce Records. The album is Overkill's last to feature drummer Rat Skates, who left the band later in 1987 and was replaced by Sid Falck. It was also the first to be released through Atlantic, who would release all of the band's albums up to W.F.O. (1994).

<i>Fuck You and Then Some</i> 1996 reissue of the Overkill EPs Overkill (1985) and !!!Fuck You!!!

Fuck You and Then Some is a 1996 reissue of the Overkill EPs Overkill (1985) and !!!Fuck You!!! (1987), combined with bonus live tracks, including a cover of Black Sabbath's "Hole in the Sky". The cover of this compilation album is the same as !!!Fuck You!!! with the addition of "And Then Some" to the title.

<i>Metal Forces</i>

Metal Forces is a British publication founded in 1983 which promotes the music genres heavy metal and hard rock. Metal Forces was well known for its coverage of unsigned bands through its Demolition feature and championed the likes of Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, HellsBelles, Overkill, Death and Poison long before they had secured record deals. They are credited as contributing in this fashion to the success of the band Anacrusis. Dave Reynolds, a former writer for Metal Forces, has claimed that the magazine was the first to coin the terms thrash metal and death metal. A Metal Forces compiled vinyl album, Demolition – Scream Your Brains Out!, based on the magazine's popular Demolition column, was released in 1988 through Chain Reaction Records featuring Anacrusis, Atrophy, Hobbs' Angel of Death, Aftermath and the Chris Barnes fronted Leviathan. In addition to metal acts, the magazine also featured interviews with alternative rock acts such as Nirvana.

<i>That One Night: Live in Buenos Aires</i> 2007 live album by Megadeth

That One Night: Live in Buenos Aires is a live album from American heavy metal band Megadeth which was released on CD and DVD formats. It features a live concert recorded in Buenos Aires on October 9, 2005 at the Obras Sanitarias Stadium. The performance is segued by cuts of Dave and Glen performing a few acoustic songs for some fans on the lawn outside of the band's hotel. It was at this concert that Dave Mustaine announced that Megadeth would continue on past the 2005 tour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wake Up Dead</span> 1986 single by Megadeth

"Wake Up Dead" is a song by American thrash metal band Megadeth, and was the lead single from their 1986 album Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?, written by Dave Mustaine. It has since become a staple at their concerts, being their sixth most played song.

<i>Feel the Fire</i> (Overkill album) 1985 studio album by Overkill

Feel the Fire is the debut studio album by American thrash metal band Overkill, released on October 15, 1985 through Megaforce Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">D.D. Verni</span> American heavy metal musician

Carlo "D.D." Verni is an American musician, songwriter, and producer, best known as a founding member, bassist and songwriter of the thrash metal band Overkill. He and vocalist Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth are the only two original members who have remained with the band throughout its entire history. In addition to his work with Overkill, Verni has recorded four albums with his side project the Bronx Casket Co. and released several solo projects. He is also the composer of The Bronx Casket Co.... A New Musical.

<i>White Devil Armory</i> 2014 studio album by Overkill

White Devil Armory is the 17th studio album by the American thrash metal band Overkill. It was released on July 18, 2014 in Europe through Nuclear Blast and July 22 in North America through eOne Music.

References

  1. Top 200. Billboard magazine, Nielsen Media (04-11-87)
  2. Van Horn, Ray Jr. The Metal Minute (12-08-07)
  3. Barrett, Simon. BNN News Network (11-09-07)
  4. McKinney, Mark. Heavy Metal Time Machine (11-26-07)
  5. McKinney, Mark. Live 4 Metal (12-27-07)
  6. Wiederhorn, Jon. MTV Headbangers Ball (05-24-07)
  7. Pierce, Ken. Piercing Metal (05-12-07)
  8. Fat Freddy. Heart of Metal (05-28-07)
  9. Strigl, Mark. Talking Metal (09-10-07)
  10. Bowar, Chad. About.com (06-07-07)
  11. Dawson, Cherryl. The Movie Chicks (11-01-07)
  12. Mooring, Matt. Metalreview.com (08-01-07)
  13. Pierce, Ken. Sea of Tranquility (07-15-07)
  14. Epstein, Dan. Revolver Issue# 56, page 62 (May 2007)
  15. Milburn, Simon. The Metal Forge (07-20-07)
  16. AKR. Talk Bass (05-23-07)
  17. Christe, Ian. Bang Bang (05-03-07)
  18. Ragman. The Right to Rock (12-03-07)
  19. Mosqueda, Ruben. Pivotal Alliance (11-28-07)
  20. Vinyl, Bob. Rock and Roll Nonsense (12-05-07)
  21. Rhode Island Rock. Heavy Metal Addiction (12-24-07)
  22. Moore, Dawn. The Metal Web
  23. Forbes, Chris. Metal Core fanzine
  24. Degraffenreid, Joe. Metal Hell Issue #19, page 35–36, June 2007
  25. Kee, Chris. Power Play Issue #91 page 66, Sept. 2007
  26. Kee, Chris. Zero Tolerance Issue #120 page 107, Nov/Dec 2007
  27. DeAngelis-Kundrat, Lori. Born in The Basement, MVD Visual (2007) ASIN: B000RPKQES
  28. Ciavarella, Liz. Metal Maniacs, page 81, Spring 2008
  29. Lamadier, Laurent. Snakepit Issue #17, pages 63–68, Nov. 2008
  30. Sakellariou, Markos. Metal Hammer Issue #282, page 72, June 2008
  31. Fragos, Sakos. Rock Hard Issue #26, page 96, Nov. 2007
  32. Krushna, Hare. Metal Assault Radio (10-28-10)
  33. Catricola, Mike. Heavy Metal Mayhem-Talk Radio (12-05-10)
  34. Trunk, Eddie. Q104.3 Friday night Rocks (Sept. 8)
  35. Laszlo, David. Stygian Shadows Issue #13-14/08 pages 88–91
  36. Strattmann, Holger. Rock Hard Issue #17/86, page 7
  37. Lerch, Ewe. Rock Hard Issue #15/85, page 12
  38. Doe, Bernard. Metal Forces Issue #3/83, page 41
  39. Klemm, Oliver. Metal Hammer Issue #4/87, page 94
  40. Klemm, Oliver. Metal Hammer Issue #1/85, page 55
  41. Kuhnemund, Gotz. Metal Hammer Issue #12/86, page 32
  42. Doe, Bernard. Metal Forces Issue #20/86, page 52
  43. Gandolfi, Roberto. H.M. (4/87), page 28
  44. Kuhnemund, Gotz. Rock Power Issue #4/86, pages 24–25
  45. Kaye, Don. Rock Hard Issue #10, 3/85, page 19
  46. Secher, Andy. Hit Parader Issue #275, 8/87, page 10
  47. Cozze. Whiplash Issue #4/85, page 16
  48. Jiminez, Jean-Francois. Enfer Issue #10/84, page 11
  49. Rosner, Philipp. Crash Issue #4/87, page 18
  50. Giordano, Carmelo. Inferno Rock Issue #5/87, page 20
  51. Reynolds, Dave. Metal Forces Issue #11/85, page 8
  52. Sakota, Far. Burrn Issue #7/88, page 62
  53. Sakota, Far. Burrn Issue #7/88, page 150
  54. Zogbi, Marina. Metal Edge Issue #2/93, page 31
  55. Bienstock, Richard. Guitar World, ASIN: B000RPKQES
  56. Tollison, Robin. Drums and Drumming, Issue #11/90, page 31
  57. Roth, Keith/ Kristi, Aimee. WRAT Electric Ballroom (03-16-08)
  58. Skates, Rat. Welcome to the Dream- The Rude Awakening of Rock Stardom
  59. Skates, Rat. Born in the Basement: Music/ Film
  60. Skates, Rat. "Helping Artists to Survive the Collision of Art, Money, Ego Success and Fear"
  61. Ernst, Rick. Get Thrashed- The Story of Thrash Metal ASIN: B001AR4K6C
  62. Rogenmoser, Rich. Heard it on the X Radio Show (11-14-10)
  63. Nesbitt, Eric. Nothing Shocking Podcast (06-24-22)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.