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| History of the People's Republic of China |
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 Chinaportal |
British Hong Kong was a major destination for refugees fleeing China in the 20th century. [1] [2] [3]
China suffered a chronic refugee crisis in the first half of the 20th century, which worsened in the 1940s due to the Second World War and the Chinese Civil War. [2] Hong Kong was an attractive destination for those leaving China; the China-Hong Kong border imposed few restrictions on freedom of movement. [4] [2] The colony implemented formal immigration controls in 1940 after Japan captured Guangzhou during the Second Sino-Japanese War; [5] the controls had limited success. [6]
Controls tightened at the end of the civil war. Hong Kong imposed new immigration regulations in April 1949, [6] partly as a security measure against the Communists, [7] and established the Frontier Closed Area border zone in 1951. [8] On the Chinese side, the PRC - motivated by distrust of the Western Bloc [1] - restricted cross-border movement in February 1952 by requiring entry and exit permits. [6]
Refugees continued to arrive after the Second World War. Another wave occurred as the newly founded PRC consolidated its control in southern China. [7] By 1957, a third of Hong Kong's population of 2.5 million were refugees. [5] Nonetheless, PRC measures did make natural growth the main source of population growth in Hong Kong. [6]
The flood-famine in Northern Guangdong in Spring 1957 led to a wave of refugees in July 1957. Thousands of hungry civilians gathered at the border since February claiming to "seek relatives". Hongkongers, upon seeing the scenes in newspapers, felt pity and brought food across the border and the political impact worried the Guangdong officials. On 29 June 1957, the Guangdong committee of Chinese Communist Party authorized the Bao'an County to let the hungry get across the border. [9]
The Great Chinese Famine caused another wave in 1962. [1] The New York Times reported that 140,000 Chinese entered Hong Kong in 1962, with 80,000 illegally entering in a single month. [10] The large number, increased by temporarily relaxed PRC border controls, caused a diplomatic crisis. [1]
Edvard Hambro wrote, "Some may not be refugees in the legal sense but are in the broader sociological and humanitarian sense." [11]
A report in 1958 by the Hong Kong government wrote, "he refugees [in 1957], however, have shown no desire to return to the mainland, even though Hong Kong is unable to offer to all the prospect of earning a reasonable living." [12]
On June 15, 2022, a monument to Chinese sent-down youth refugees who died on the roads to Hong Kong was unveiled in the Eternal Sunset Memorial Park & Cemetery of Lafayette, New Jersey. It inspected 176 victims died during the Culture Revolution, including those from all middle schools of Guangzhou. [13]
The region of Hong Kong has been inhabited since the Old Stone Age, later becoming part of the Chinese Empire with its loose incorporation into the Qin dynasty. Starting out as a farming fishing village and salt production site, it became an important free port and eventually a major international financial center.
The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began when the governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. His surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the Japanese forces that invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War. The length of the period later became a metonym of the occupation.
The History of Hong Kong under Imperial China began in 214 BC during the Qin dynasty. The territory remained largely unoccupied until the later years of the Qing dynasty when Imperial China ceded the region to Great Britain under the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, whereupon Hong Kong became a British Colony.
The Touch Base Policy was an immigration policy in British Hong Kong from 1974 to 1980 towards the Refugee wave from the People's Republic of China to British Hong Kong. Under the policy, illegal immigrants from China could stay in Hong Kong if they reached urban areas and found a home with their relatives or other forms of accommodation.
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 1988–89 is the 11th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 1989–90 is the 12th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 2001–02 is the 24th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 2004–05 is the 27th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
Russians in Hong Kong form one of the territory's smaller groups of expatriates and a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora. Many Russians from China passed through Hong Kong in the 1950s through 1970s on their way to resettlement in Australia, Brazil, and Canada.
The Guangzhou–Kowloon through train was an inter-city railway service between Hong Kong and Guangzhou jointly operated by the MTR Corporation of Hong Kong and the Guangzhou Railway Group of mainland China. Services operate along the East Rail line within Hong Kong territory, crossing the Hong Kong–Chinese border at Lo Wu, and continuing along the Guangmao Railway and Guangshen Railway in Guangdong province.
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 2002–03 is the 25th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup of 2007–08 was the 30th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
The 12-3 incident was a series of political demonstrations and riots against Portuguese colonial rule in Macau which occurred on December 3, 1966. The incident, inspired by the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, occurred as a direct response to a violent police crackdown by colonial authorities against local Chinese protesters demonstrating against corruption and colonialism in Macau.
The 2009-10 season in Hong Kong football, starting July 2009 and ending June 2010:
The Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL), also known as the Guangshengang XRL, is a high-speed railway line that connects Guangzhou and Hong Kong (Kowloon) via Shenzhen. Officially, the line is the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong section of the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway.
Mainland Chinese or mainlanders are Chinese people who live in or have recently emigrated from mainland China, defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) except for Hong Kong, Macau, and the partly-PRC-controlled South China Sea Islands, and also excluding certain territories that are claimed by the PRC but not controlled, namely Taiwan a.k.a. the "Republic of China" (ROC), which is a state with limited recognition, and other associated territories that are ruled by Taiwan. The term also refers to historical groups of people of Chinese origin who immigrated to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan during the 20th century, especially in the context of specific historical events.
Xiangxue Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. also known as XPH, is a Chinese pharmaceutical company. It was headquartered in Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Guangzhou, the capital of the Guangdong Province. The company started in a place that near to the tourist spot Luogang Xiangxue, thus called itself Xiangxue.
The 40th Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup was held on 4 and 7 January 2018. Hong Kong won their first title in five years after beating Guangdong in the penalty shoot-out.
Cantonese nationalism, sometimes known also as the Cantonia Independence Movement, refers to the advocacy and movement for the establishment of an independent or autonomous political entity in Guangdong or Cantonese-populated areas, believing that the Cantonese people form a nation and should not be subject to external jurisdiction and interference, taking pride in their own culture, history and identity.
The Boundaries of Hong Kong, officially the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a regulated administrative border with border control in force under the One country, two systems constitutional principle, which separates the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from mainland China, by land border fence of 30 km (19 mi) and maritime boundary of 733 km (455 mi), enforcing a separate immigration and customs-controlled jurisdiction from mainland China.
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