Macau or Macao,officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR),is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a population of about 680,000 and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi),it is the most densely populated region in the world.
The special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China are one of four types of province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under the control of its Central People's Government,being integral areas of the country. As a region,they possess the highest degree of autonomy from China's central government. However,despite the relative autonomy that the Central People's Government offers the special administrative regions,the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee remains capable of enforcing laws for the special administrative regions.
"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the Chinese Communist government of the People's Republic of China in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. The geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan,Chongming,and Zhoushan,even though those islands are offshore of the Chinese mainland. By convention,the territories that fall outside of mainland China include:
Edmund Ho Hau Wah,GOIH,GML,GCM is a Macau politician who served as the first Chief Executive of the Macau Special Administrative Region from 1999 to 2009. He currently serves as a Vice-Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Macau law is broadly based on Portuguese law,and therefore part of the civil law tradition of continental European legal systems. Portuguese law is itself highly influenced by German law. However,many other influences are present,including Chinese law,Italian law,and some narrow aspects of common law.
|p=ZhōnghuáRénmín GònghéguóÀomén TèbiéxíngzhèngqūJīběnfǎ|por=Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China}}The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is the organic law that establishes the Macau Special Administrative Region,replacing the Estatuto Orgânico de Macau. It was adopted on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress and promulgated by President Jiang Zemin;it came into effect on 20 December 1999,following the transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to China.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China passport is a passport issued only to permanent residents of Hong Kong who also hold Chinese citizenship. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,since the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July 1997,the passport has been issued by the Immigration Department of the Government of Hong Kong under the authorisation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. As the official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English,the passport is printed bilingually in both Chinese and English.
Human rights in Macau refers to the basic rights of citizens of Macau,a former Portuguese colony that reverted to Chinese administration in 1999. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC),Macau enjoys a high degree of autonomy,except in defence and foreign affairs,and its citizens have basic freedoms and enjoy legally protected rights. The Macau Basic Law is the SAR's constitution,promulgated by PRC's National People's Congress (NPC) in 1993.
The current devised Emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China came into use on 20 December 1999,when the sovereignty of Macau (Macao) was transferred from Portugal to the People's Republic of China. The emblem is now referred to officially as the "Regional Emblem" (區徽).
Chinese nationality law details the conditions by which a person holds nationality of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China,which came into force on September 10,1980.
Under the Basic Law,Macau's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the central government of China. Except diplomatic relations and defence,nonetheless,Macau has retained considerable autonomy in all aspects,including economic and commercial relations,customs control.
The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of Chinapassport is a passport issued to Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Chinese Special Administrative Region of Macau.
The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region,are headed by secretariats or commissioners and report directly to the chief executive. The affairs of the government are decided by secretaries,who are appointed by the chief executive and endorsed by the State Council of the Central People's Government in Beijing. As a special administrative region of China,Macau has a high degree of autonomy,in light of the "One Country,Two Systems" policy. The Macau Government,financially independent from the Central People's Government,oversees the affairs of Macau.
The handover of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 20 December 1999. This event ended 442 years of Portuguese rule in the former settlement,which began in 1557.
The 12-3 incident was a series of political demonstrations and riots against Portuguese colonial rule in Macau which occurred on December 3,1966. The incident,inspired by the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China,occurred as a direct response to a violent police crackdown by colonial authorities against local Chinese protesters demonstrating against corruption and colonialism in Macau.
The Macau Resident Identity Card or BIR is an official identity card issued by the Identification Services Bureau of Macau. There are two types of Resident Identity Cards:one for permanent residents and one for non-permanent residents.
The Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking was a trade treaty between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Qing dynasty of China,signed on 1 December 1887. It is counted by the Chinese as among the unequal treaties in the aftermath of the Second Opium War. The treaty gave Portugal perpetual colonial rights to Macau on the condition that Portugal would cooperate in efforts to end the smuggling of opium.
The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region is the representative office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China in Macau.
Hong Kong–mainland China relations refer to the relationship between Mainland China and Hong Kong. According to the 1997 Sino-British Joint Declaration,the United Kingdom handed control of Hong Kong over to the People's Republic of China,making it a special administrative region. In principle,Hong Kong became an autonomous administrative division based on the Hong Kong Basic Law.
Macau independence is the political movement that advocates for the independence of Macau from China. Despite receiving little attention within Macau,the issue was raised in the Legislative Assembly of Macau following the Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy. In 2017,several Chinese media outlets warned against discussion of Macau independence,fearing that speculation would lead to further action.
