The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales was established in 2002 and given statutory status in 2022. It is administered by Cadw, the historic environment agency of the Welsh Government. It includes just under 400 sites, ranging from gardens of private houses, to cemeteries and public parks. Parks and gardens are listed at one of three grades, matching the grading system used for listed buildings. Grade I is the highest grade, for sites of exceptional interest; Grade II*, the next highest, denotes parks and gardens of more than special interest; while Grade II denotes nationally important sites of special interest.[3][4]
There are 27 registered parks and gardens in Denbighshire. Five are listed at grade II*, and 22 at grade II.
Garden[6] Remains of a 17th century walled garden. The house is surrounded by the garden, and the garden is built up, although dropping to a small pond on the north-east side of the garden.[7]
Parks and gardens[8] The landscape park was established in the 18th century, but took its modern form in the 19th century, with a later c.1910 addition of an Arts & Crafts garden. Designed by Thomas Hayton Mawson, and is within the Bodelwyddan Castle estate. The park's grounds is largely grassland, with mature deciduous trees, particularly oak. Some parts have groups of trees or larger areas of woodland.[9]
Parks and gardens[10] A Victorian formal garden, containing topiary and parterre in the south of the estate. The park developed from the early 18th century. Many areas are now pastures, spotted with deciduous trees. In the west, there is an informal woodland garden known as "The Pleasaunce", containing rough grass, trees, and ponds.[11]
Parks and gardens[12] A small late 18th century park and informal garden next to Brynbella Hall and other estate buildings. The garden's landscaping is from the 20th century, there is also a walled kitchen garden, and lawn area with an ornamental pond. There are woodlands around the estate.[13]
Parks and gardens[16] Small late 18–19th park and garden, with woodlands and a walled garden. The park was laid out by 1839, roughly rectangular in shape, with woodlands and farmland to the north and east. There is a small garden to the south of the house, and late 18th–early 19th century "pleasure gardens" to the north and west.[17]
Gardens[18] Garden terraces, embellished with an unusual rockwork which are a feature of the garden. The garden is found on wall-tops, above doorways, on gate piers, and in flowerbeds. The garden lies to the south of the Tudor house in a series of terraces, likely built with the house.[19]
Gardens[20] 20th century naturalistic limestone rock garden and island beds forming the setting for the house. A natural rock garden is to the north-east of the house, with a lawn behind the rock garden.[21]
Gardens[22] The earthwork remains of an early 17th century formal garden around Foxhall Newydd house. To the south-east is a walled garden, now partly a tennis court, while there are shallow earthworks, possibly that of a formal garden, to the north-west of the house.[23]
Gardens[24] A 17th century walled garden, adjacent to the house with it closed on the northern side and containing 31 small bee boles, a raised terrace and a banqueting house, with the latter two said to provide fine views. A terraced orchard and former ornamental fishponds are below the garden.[25]
Parks and gardens[26] A garden and small park, mainly set out in the late 18th century. Small mixed woodlands project from the garden. There is a late 18th century kitchen garden, featured in Beatrix Potter's children's books, as well as a small formal courtyard garden.[27]
Parks and gardens[28] Late 19th century medium-sized landscaped park containing a formal, and walled garden, as well as shrubberies. Kinmel Hall is centrally located in the park, while ruins of an earlier house, Old Kinmel, lie in the walled garden in the east, known as the 'old' park. There are terraced gardens of the park, and a 1875 western formal garden, the "Venetian Garden", containing a large circular stone fountain.[29]
Garden[30] Originally a c.1660 garden, but overlain in the 1920s, but the modern garden is sparse. The original 1660s garden was an Italianate terraced garden, which was landscaped into a grassy slope by the late 18th–early 19th centuries. In the 1920s development, the original gardens were altered and enlarged, with formal gardens created around the house, woodland gardens in the north dingles, and a pleasure garden utilising the old walled garden.[31]
Gardens[32] A walled garden and landscape park of the 1770s, and layout dating to the 1840s. There is a dingle providing a picturesque walk to St Dyfnog's Well. The hall's garden is small, with its existing layout dating to the 1840s.[33]
Landscape and garden[34] The landscaped grounds contain a walled garden, dating to the 18–19th centuries.The walled garden is in the middle of the north-south axis between the house and an avenue. The square stone-walled garden was an addition built onto an earlier house, but later incorporated into the wider 19th century garden.[35]
Garden[36] Town house garden of Nantclwyd House, which is located at its behind and L-shaped. Contains an early 18th century two-storey gazebo, while a lawn occupies most of the inner garden. The outer garden was formerly a Lord's Garden, serving as the medieval kitchen garden for Ruthin Castle.[37]
Garden[38] A small Victorian commemorative garden dedicated to local doctor Evan Pierce. It contains a tall 72-foot (22m) Tuscan stone memorial column dedicated to Pierce which centrally dominates the garden. The garden's layout has a rectangular lawn, gravel paths, trees (mainly conifers) and two ornate cast iron fountains.[39]
Parks and gardens[40] A 19th century landscape park and informal woodland garden containing a circuit walk. The park contains several small ponds which are of a utilitarian nature. A Georgian sundial is present in the lawn to the south of the house, as is a brick-walled garden. While another walled garden is south of the woodland pleasure garden.[41]
Parks and gardens[42] A 17th century walled garden and a small 18–19th century park. The gardens have a rectangular open lawn, linked with a path, and an arch to another area with planting. There is a small formal parterre garden that is wedge-shaped to the east of the lawn, containing box-edged rose beds. While there is an old orchard located to the south of the garden.[43]
Garden[44] The gardens of Plas Newydd are now a public park in Llangollen, which contain most of the surviving structures of the late 18th–early 19th century gardens of the Ladies of Llangollen (Eleanor Butler and Sarah Ponsonby) in the Picturesque style. The gardens date to between 1780 and 1831, and are to the north-east, east and south of the house, in a roughly north-south elongated oval shape.[45]
Parks and gardens[46] Small landscape park, which was laid out and planted in the 1820s by Elihu Yale. Claimed to be the highest historic park and garden in Wales at 300–370 metres (980–1,210ft), and known for its trees. There is also a large rectangular walled garden and informal gardens.[47]
Park[48] Landscape park containing a garden terraced mound, as well as a c.1820s kitchen garden, and derelict brick buildings in the park's east which served as a World War II prisoner-of-war camp. The kitchen garden is roughly inverse D-shaped. Beyond the house's forecourt on the eastern side is a large mound/mount, 3.5 metres (11ft) high, which is partially planted with shrubs and trees as it was converted into a formal garden containing some cutting walks and terraces on some of its sides.[49]
Gardens[50] Mid 19th-century garden within the ruins of Ruthin Castle and a wider landscape park. The Castle Park is medium-sized and located to the south-west and west of the castle. The park may have medieval origins, but was clearly present by the early 16th century as "Ruthin Parke", with it extended in c.1850. There are formal pleasure gardens within the castle ruins, with a path layout and fountain, which led it to be called the "Fountain Garden". There is a moat and a circle of Gorsedd stones.[51]
Garden[52] A garden of a 19th century design, attached to a religious house and contains a terraced fruit and vegetable garden and a pleasure garden.[53]
Garden[54] A 17–18th century garden located in the grounds of Trevor Hall, which also contains a 19th century glasshouse, a summerhouse, and a walled garden. There is a small stone wall-enclosed pleasure garden and parkland-like areas nearby. Trevor Hall Wood is a woodland located to the western end of the park, with a mixture of deciduous and coniferous woodland. There is a stone bathhouse in the woodland.[55]
Summerhouse[56] An 18th century Grade II listed summerhouse, with small rectangular pond, possibly used as a monastic fishpond, to its north, and both within the grounds of the Valle Crucis Abbey. The summerhouse is a two-storey cottage with stone and brick-rendering and a hipped slate roof at its northern end.[57]
Garden[58] Within the grounds of Vivod, there is a contemporary park, woodland walks, and a garden containing shrubbery and terraces, as well as an adjacent former kitchen garden. The garden dates to the same period in which the house was built, between the 1850s and 1870s, while at the same time the woodland walks were laid out in the eastern dingle.[59]
Until 1974, Denbighshire, or the County of Denbigh, was an administrative county in the north of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales. It was a maritime county, that was bounded to the north by the Irish Sea, to the east by Flintshire, Cheshire and Shropshire, to the south by Montgomeryshire and Merionethshire, and to the west by Caernarfonshire.
Erddig is a country house and estate in the community of Marchwiel, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Wrexham, Wales. It is centred on a country house which dates principally from between 1684 and 1687, when the central block was built by Joshua Edisbury, and the 1720s, when the flanking wings were added by its second owner, John Meller. Erddig was inherited by Simon Yorke in 1733, and remained in the Yorke family until it was given to the National Trust by Philip Yorke III in 1973.
Trevalyn Hall in Rossett, a Grade II* listed building, is an Elizabethan manor house near Wrexham in Wales. It was built by John Trevor in 1576. The Trevor family of Trevalyn were one of the leading families in East Denbighshire by about 1600 with numerous estates in both Flintshire and Denbighshire. The Plas Teg estate in Hope, Flintshire was also acquired by the Denbighshire branch of the family when it was purchased from a cousin by Sir John Trevor I (1563–1630) and it was he who built the present Plas Teg house in 1610.
Llanferres is a village and community in the county of Denbighshire in Wales. At the 2001 Census the population of the village was recorded as 676, increasing to 827 at the 2011 census.
Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd is a village and community in Denbighshire, Wales, situated in the Vale of Clwyd about one mile south of the town of Ruthin. In the 2001 census, it had 1048 residents and 50.6% of them could speak Welsh. The figures for the 2011 census were: population 1,053; Welsh speakers 46.9%. The age group with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers was the 15-year-olds, all of whom could speak it. The villages of Pentrecelyn and Graig Fechan are located in the community.
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales is a heritage register of significant historic parks and gardens in Wales. It is maintained by Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and was given statutory status in 2022.
Llannefydd is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, in Wales. It is located on the border with Denbighshire, between the Afon Aled and River Elwy, 5.7 miles (9.2 km) north west of Denbigh, 5.8 miles (9.3 km) south west of St Asaph, 6.9 miles (11.1 km) south of Abergele and 15.2 miles (24.5 km) south east of Conwy. In the 2011 census the community parish had a population of 590. The community includes the village of Cefn Berain and part of the hamlet of Bont Newydd.
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Llanynys is a hamlet and community in Denbighshire, north-east Wales;. It lies in the Vale of Clwyd, a few miles north of Ruthin, and includes the village of Rhewl.
St Collen's Church is a parish church in the town of Llangollen, Denbighshire, Wales. The first church on the site was founded by Collen in the 6th century. Nothing of this building remains. A new church was built in the 13th century, in the Early English Gothic style. This was developed in the succeeding centuries, and then almost completely rebuilt in the 19th century. The architect of the Victorian reconstruction was Samuel Pountney Smith, who retained little of the earlier church, with the exception of the tower. The churchyard contains the grave of the Ladies of Llangollen, Eleanor Charlotte Butler and Sarah Ponsonby, and their servant Mary Carryl, who lived at the nearby Plas Newydd. In November 2021 the first blessing of a gay partnership in a Church in Wales church was held at St Collen's. The church is an active parish church in the Diocese of St Asaph. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade I listed building.
Gwaenynog is a small estate about 1 km (0.62 mi) to the south-west of the town of Denbigh, Wales. Its origins are mediaeval when it was built as a house for the Myddelton family. The Myddeltons claimed descent from Rhirid Flaidd, of the House of Cunedda, hereditary Kings of Gwynedd. Anglicising themselves and their name after the conquest of Wales, they thrived as prominent local landowners and politicians. Basing themselves ultimately at Chirk Castle, they served as receivers of Denbigh, governors of its castle and as members of parliament for Denbighshire and Denbigh Boroughs.
The Isle of Anglesey, a principal area off the north-west coast of Wales, includes the islands of Anglesey, Holy Island and some islets and skerries. It covers an area of 711 km2 (275 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 68,900.
The Vale of Glamorgan is a county borough in south-east Wales. It covers an area of 331 km2 (128 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 132,500.
Pembrokeshire is a county in the south-west of Wales. It covers an area of 1,619 km2 (625 sq mi). In 2021 the population was approximately 123,700.
Newport is a city and county borough in the south of Wales. It covers an area of 190 km2 (73 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 159,700.
Wrexham County Borough is a county borough in the north-east of Wales. It covers an area of 503.7 km2 (194.5 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 135,100.
Gwynedd is a county in the north-west of Wales. It covers an area of 2,535 km2 (979 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 117,100.
Flintshire is a county in the north-east of Wales. It covers an area of 437.5 km2 (168.9 sq mi) and in 2021 the population was approximately 155,100.
Conwy County Borough is a county borough in the north of Wales. It covers an area of 1,126 km2 (435 sq mi) and had a population of approximately 114,800 in 2021.
The City and County of Cardiff is a county in the south of Wales. It covers an area of 140.3 km2 (54.2 sq mi) and in 2023 the population was approximately 359,512. Cardiff is the country's capital and hosts its parliament, the Senedd, and a large number of national institutions such as the Wales Millennium Centre, the National Museum, the national stadium of Wales and the St Fagans National Museum of History.
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