Removal of Eduardo Cunha

Last updated
Removal of Eduardo Cunha
Eduardo Cunha (20-04-16).jpg
Accused Eduardo Cunha, President of the Chamber of Deputies
Proponents Socialism and Liberty Party, Sustainability Network
Date3 November 2015 – 12 September 2016
(10 months, 1 week and 2 days
OutcomeMotion approved by the Chamber; removed from office; political rights suspended for 10 years
Charges Tax evasion and perjury
Cause Operation Car Wash
Polls
Voting in the Ethics Council
AccusationVote to approve the report requesting Cunha's removal
Votes in favor
11 / 20
Votes against
9 / 20
ResultApproved
Voting in the Constitution and Justice Commission
AccusationVoting to appeal from the Ethics Council decision
Votes in favor
12 / 66
Votes against
48 / 66
Not voting
6 / 66
ResultAppeal rejected; motion proceeds to final voting in the Chamber floor
Voting in the Chamber floor
AccusationVote to remove Cunha from office
Votes in favor
450 / 513
Votes against
10 / 513
Present
10 / 513
Not voting
63 / 513
ResultCunha removed from office; political rights suspended for 10 years

The removal of Eduardo Cunha consisted of an investigation against Brazilian congressman Eduardo Cunha in the Ethics Council of the Chamber of Deputies for breaking "parliamentary decorum", which resulted in his removal from the Chamber in a voting of 450 to 10. The process began on 3 November 2015 and ended on 12 September 2016. [1] [2]

Contents

History

Background

Cunha was investigated for hiding the existence of bank accounts outside Brazil and lying about it in a testimony before a Parliamentary Inquiry Commission in March 2015. [3]

Motion in the Ethics Council

On 13 October 2015, the Socialism and Liberty Party and Sustainability Network filed a motion in the Chamber Ethics Council against congressman Eduardo Cunha. [4]

In a session on 19 November, congressman Fausto Pinato (PRB-SP) tried to read his report, but the session was cancelled 20 minutes later after it started, as Cunha began the daily proceedings on 10:44, before having minimum quorum. At the same time, the Ethics Council session was being held, but it was delayed. [5]

On 1 December, after 6 hours of session with interferences of Cunha's allies to delay the works, the meeting ended without voting on the report, due to a joint Congress session in the Chamber floor. On the next day, for the same reason, the meeting was cancelled one more time. [5]

The Council chair met on 3 December with Prosecutor General Rodrigo Janot to talk about Cunha's interferences to delay the process. [5]

On 8 December, there was once again a session held with lots of discussion and no decision. The works were cancelled due to the daily proceedings in the main floor, where it was voted the members to compose the special commission for the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff. [5]

On 9 December 2015, congressman Pinato was removed from rapporteur by the Chamber Director's Board. [5]

Pinato read his report on 24 November, when Cunha's allies asked for more time to analyze it. [5]

After many delays, it was approved on 2 March 2016 a preliminary report which asked to continue the disciplinary process against Cunha and requesting his removal. [6]

In the beginning of May, Eduardo Cunha was suspended from his term as member of the Chamber by the Supreme Federal Court. The rapporteur of his removal process, congressman Marcos Rogério (PDT-RO), received the position of the technical advisory that Cunha's suspension would not interfere with the progress of the process. [7]

On 10 May 2016, Cunha's defense attorney, Marcelo Nobre, rejected the possibility to request the suspension of the motion. According to him, there were no proofs which could led to the congressman's removal. Members of the Chamber who are part of Cunha's most loyal allies went against expectations and did not express their intention to ask for the disciplinary process to be suspended due to the suspension determined by the Supreme Court. On the first council session after the court ruling, the group had an athypical behaviour during the meeting: no one emphatically supported Cunha and, when they spoke, they showed interest to speed up the works. This meeting was held only for the presentation of a motion which established new rules for substitution of permanent and substitute members of the council. The proposal aimed to avoid changes in the composition during the final days of discussion. [8]

On 17 May, attorney and Economic Law professor of University of São Paulo, Tadeu de Chiara, third and last defense witness, testified before the council and said he didn't know the congressman. He explained that he was approached by Cunha's defense team who gave him the task of "studying the case" regarding the trusts of which the congressman would be a beneficiary. [9] On the same day, due to pressure made against the Progressive Party caucus by Cunha's allies, the resign of congressman Cacá Leão as permanent member of the Ethics Council was decided during a meeting with the Chamber party leader, Aguinaldo Ribeiro. [10]

On 25 May, in response to a point of order made by Carlos Marun (PMDB-RS), Interim President of the Chamber Waldir Maranhão (PP-MA) gave another favorable decision to Eduardo Cunha. In his decision, the final report has to be limited only to the complaints mentioned in the preliminary report approved by the Ethics Council. [11]

On 1 June, congressman Marcos Rogério read his report, which requests Cunha's removal. He states that the congressman lied when said to the inquiry commission that he didn't have bank accounts outside Brazil. [12]

On 8 June the report analysis was postponed. The Ethics Council chair, José Carlos Araújo (PR-BA), delayed the analysis to 8 June, after congressman Marcos Rogério asked for more time to analyze a separate vote which request for a lighter punishment of term suspension. [13]

On 9 June, it was delayed, for a third time, to 14 June. Without enough quorum, the Chamber Constitution and Justice Commission cancelled the meeting. [14]

After around 6 months of processing in the Ethics Council, the removal request, which was considered the longest in the council's history, was approved on 14 June 2016. The approved made by Marcos Rogério was approved in a voting of 11–9, which allowed analysis in the Constitution and Justice Commission and the floor voting. [15]

Appeals in the Constitution and Justice Commission

On 14 July, congressmen voted to reject an appeal from Eduardo Cunha in the Constitution and Justice Commission. There were 48 votes rejecting the report of congressman Ronaldo Fonseca (PROS-DF), against 12 votes accepting the request. RIght after the result, Cunha made a quick speech stating his mandate is being repealed by his colleagues for omission of information, with a process based in accusations unproven by denouncers. [16]

Voting on the Chamber floor

On 30 August, congressmen signed a deal and Chamber President Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ) confirmed to 12 September 2016 the voting session. [17] [18]

On 12 September 2016, the Chamber floor finally approved his removal. Only 10 members of the Chamber vote in favor of Cunha: Arthur Lira (PP-AL), Carlos Andrade (PHS-RR), Carlos Marun (PMDB-RS), Dâmina Pereira (PSL-MG), João Bacelar (PR-BA), Jozi Araújo (PTN-AP), Júlia Marinho (PSC-PA), Marco Feliciano (PSC-SP), Paulo Pereira da Silva (SD-SP) and Wellington Roberto (PR-PB). [19]

Other 9 congressmen abstained: Laerte Bessa (PR-DF), Rôney Nemer (PP-DF), Alfredo Kaefer (PSL-PR), Nelson Meurer (PP-PR), Alberto Filho (PMDB-MA), André Moura (PSC-SE), Edson Moreira (PR-MG), Mauro Lopes (PMDB-MG) and José Saraiva Felipe (PMDB-MG). [20]

Suspension

AC 4070
Eduardo Cunha em 5 de junho de 2016 (2).jpg
Eduardo Cunha during press conference on 5 May 2016
Court Supreme Federal Court
Full case nameAC 4070 (Prosecutor-General of the Republic v. Eduardo Cosentino da Cunha)
Decided5 May 2016 (2016-05-05)
Citation AC 4070
Court membership
Judges sittingPresident

Ricardo Lewandowski

Justices

Case opinions
Decision byZavascki
ConcurrenceLewandowski, Mello, Aurélio, Mendes, Lúcia, Toffoli, Fux, Weber, Barroso and Fachin

The suspension of Eduardo Cunha from the Chamber of Deputies consisted in a preliminary injunction accepted by Supreme Court justice Teori Zavascki, ruling on Thursday, 5 May 2016, the suspension on the mandate of congressman Cunha. Even suspended, he also held his mandate, but wasn't able to exercise parliamentary activities nor preside the Chamber. Cunha continued with the prerogative of privileged forum, with investigation at the Supreme Court, having been a defendant in Operation Car Wash. [21] [22]

The ruling was sustained by the fact that Cunha (as congressman and as Chamber President) interfered in the investigation against him on the Operation; besides that, as Chamber President, he was in the succession line of the Presidency of the Republic, therefore, he couldn't be a defendant at the Supreme Court. [21]

It was the first time that the Supreme Federal Court suspended a president of the Chamber of Deputies. [23]

Judicial lawsuit

The suspension was requested by the Prosecutor General of the Republic Rodrigo Janot in December 2015, but justice Zavascki affirmed he had to analyze it cautiosly, as he was afraid of a supposed interference made by the Court against the Congress. However, the ruling was made a day after justice Marco Aurélio Mello ruled for the scheduling of another suspension request made by the Sustainability Network. [21]

All of the Supreme Court justices ruled, on 5 May 2016, to accept the injunction and suspend his mandate. They stated that the congressman abused of his position to disturb the Car Wash investigations and his removal process. Cunha said he would appeal on the decision, but refused to resign and affirmed he was being attacked due to the impeachment process of Dilma Rousseff. [24] [25]

Aftermath

Line of succession of the Presidency of Brazil

With his suspension and the ongoing impeachment process, the Interim Chamber President Waldir Maranhão couldn't be part of the lines of succession, according to a decision made by the Chamber Director's Board. [26]

Line of succession of the Presidency of the Chamber

There were two interpretations about Cunha's succession on the Presidency of the Chamber: [21]

  • The first said that only the definitive removal from the office of Chamber President is made by the Chamber itself. Therefore, Waldir Maranhão stays in office until his permanent removal is concluded by the Ethics Council, while the Supreme Court ruling is temporary. Besides that, the position wasn't vacant, preventing new elections.
  • The second said that, besides the ruling was not definitive, it represented his definitive suspension from the presidency; this interpretation makes clear that he would never assume the Brazilian presidency for being investigated by the Supreme Court, preventing to seat as Chamber President. [21]

Loss of rights due to suspension of mandate

The Chamber General Board debated about to remove the congressman's rights and perks, such as the use of an official residence, security made by the Legislative Police, suspension of payments to legislative advisors and salary cut. [27]

Reactions

Politicians

  • Beto Mansur (PRB-SP) - The First Secretary of the Chamber classified Cunha's suspension as something "new and unprecedented". [27]
  • Bruno Cunha Lima (PSDB-PB) - For the state representative, "the cleaning must start at home. Who must start it is the political class, this is good for the political class. This ends the selectivity speech, that Car Wash was aiming the Workers' Party politicians and their allies. This idea must end, because justice is not moved by political ideology and, from now on, it's better that the funnel to become even narrower, that only passes who wants to be part of the political life to add up, who is willing to contribute, because if not, then the political life is not for these people." [28]
  • Dilma Rousseff (PT-MG) - On the same day, in a ceremony for the beginning of the operation of Belo Monte Dam, president Rousseff spoke about the situation: "the only thing I'm sorry, but I say sooner than later, is that he sadly made it. You watched him presiding the session in the Chamber, the unfortunate process in the Chamber." [29]
  • Eugênio Aragão - On the morning of 5 May, Justice Minister Aragão stated the suspension "came late", while participating in the opening of the II International Congress of Electoral Law at the Mackenzie Presbyterian University, in São Paulo. According to him, if the ruling was made before, the impeachment process wouldn't be accepted, as it was triggered as a revenge against the Workers' Party for not supporting him in the Ethics Council. [30]
  • José Carlos Araújo (PR-BA) - The chair of the Ethics Council said that, with the Supreme Court ruling, the council members are now "calmer" and the process would proceed "without any surprises". [3]

Jurists

  • Joaquim Barbosa - The former president of the Supreme Ferderal Court classified the ruling of justice Teori Zavascki to suspend Cunha from the Chamber and the lower house presidency as "brave and extraordinary". Supporting messages to the Supreme Court ruling were made through his Twitter account. [31]

International reaction

Cunha was named by the international press as "powerful rival" and "leader of the impeachment against Rousseff". Many newspapers from Europe, the United States and Argentina highlighted his suspension. [32] [33] [34]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aécio Neves</span> Brazilian politician

Aécio Neves da Cunha is a Brazilian economist, politician and former president of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). He was the 17th Governor of Minas Gerais from 1 January 2003 to 31 March 2010, and is currently a member of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. He lost in the runoff presidential election against Dilma Rousseff in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michel Temer</span> President of Brazil from 2016 to 2019

Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 1 January 2019. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff. He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016, when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Brazilian general election</span>

General elections were held in Brazil on 5 October 2014 to elect the president, the National Congress, and state governorships. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round on 5 October 2014, a second-round runoff was held on 26 October 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Brazil</span>

Corruption in Brazil exists on all levels of society from the top echelons of political power to the smallest municipalities. Operation Car Wash showed central government members using the prerogatives of their public office for rent-seeking activities, ranging from political support to siphoning funds from state-owned corporation for personal gain. The Mensalão scandal for example used taxpayer funds to pay monthly allowances to members of congress from other political parties in return for their support and votes in congress. Politicians also used the state-owned and state-run oil company Petrobras to raise hundreds of millions of reais for political campaigns and personal enrichment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kátia Abreu</span> Brazilian politician

Kátia Regina de Abreu is a Brazilian politician, serving as a Senator for Tocantins since 2007. She was previously elected as a congresswoman for Tocantins from 2003 to 2007. After her departure from the Democratic Labour Party in March 2020, Kátia joined the Progressistas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015–2016 protests in Brazil</span>

In 2015 and 2016, a series of protests in Brazil denounced corruption and the government of President Dilma Rousseff, triggered by revelations that numerous politicians allegedly accepted bribes connected to contracts at state-owned energy company Petrobras between 2003 and 2010 and connected to the Workers' Party, while Rousseff chaired the company's board of directors. The first protests on 15 March 2015 numbered between one and nearly three million protesters against the scandal and the country's poor economic situation. In response, the government introduced anti-corruption legislation. A second day of major protesting occurred 12 April, with turnout, according to GloboNews, ranging from 696,000 to 1,500,000. On 16 August, protests took place in 200 cities in all 26 states of Brazil. Following allegations that Rousseff's predecessor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, participated in money laundering and a prosecutor ordered his arrest, record numbers of Brazilians protested against the Rousseff government on 13 March 2016, with nearly 7 million citizens demonstrating.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eduardo Cunha</span> Brazilian politician and economist

Eduardo Cosentino da Cunha, is a Brazilian politician and radio host, born in Rio de Janeiro. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from February 2015 until 5 May 2016, when he was removed from the position by the Supreme Court. BBC News labeled him the "nemesis" of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff</span> 2015 impeachment of then-President of Brazil Dilma Rousseff for administrative misconduct

The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, the 36th president of Brazil, began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment being accepted by Eduardo Cunha, then president of the Chamber of Deputies, and continued into late 2016. Dilma Rousseff, then more than 12 months into her second four-year term, was charged with criminal administrative misconduct and disregard for the federal budget in violation of article 85, items V and VI, of the Constitution of Brazil and the Fiscal Responsibility Law, Article 36. The petition also accused Rousseff of criminal responsibility for failing to act on the scandal at the Brazilian national petroleum company, Petrobras, on account of allegations uncovered by the Operation Car Wash investigation, and for failing to distance herself from the suspects in that investigation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jovair Arantes</span> Brazilian politician

Jovair de Oliveira Arantes is a Brazilian politician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impeachment proposals against Michel Temer</span>

The impeachment proposal against Michel Temer, the former President of Brazil and former vice-president, consisted of an open procedural matter with a goal to preventing the continuation of the mandate of Michel Temer as vice president/acting president of the Republic of Brazil. Temer served as Acting President during the Impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff. The process began with the performance of judicial decision on April 6, 2016, the President of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Cunha, to form commission for termination analysis of liability for crime offered by Mariel M. Marra. Four other requests for impeachment were presented to Cunha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Davi Alcolumbre</span> Brazilian politician

Davi Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem is a Brazilian politician member of Brazil Union (UNIÃO). He is Senator for Amapá and, in the biennium 2019–2020, former President of the Federal Senate from 2019 to 2021 and former President of the National Congress of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">André Fufuca</span> Brazilian physician and politician

André Luiz de Carvalho Ribeiro, mostly known as André Fufuca or Fufuquinha, is a Brazilian physician and politician. André Fufuca is son of incumbent mayor of Alto Alegre do Pindaré, Fufuca Dantas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlos Marun</span> Brazilian politician

Carlos Eduardo Xavier Marun is a Brazilian politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies, lawyer and civil engineer. He is part of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). Currently, is Secretary of Government, nominated by president Michel Temer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patrus Ananias</span> Brazilian politician

Patrus Ananias de Sousa is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, member of the Workers' Party (PT). He was Minister of Agrarian Development during the second term of president Dilma Rousseff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronaldo Fonseca</span> Brazilian politician and lawyer

Ronaldo Fonseca de Souza is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, member of the Republicans (REP). He was elected Federal Deputy from Distrito Federal in 2010, and was appointed by president Michel Temer as Secretary-General of the Presidency of Brazil. Fonseca is also a pastor of the Assembleias de Deus church.

A special election for the position of president of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil took place on July 14, 2016, during the 55th legislature. The election was necessary due to the resignation of Eduardo Cunha, announced on the 7th of that month. According to the Brazilian Constitution, the president of the Chamber of Deputies is the second in line of succession to the Presidency of the Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Lira</span> Brazilian politician (born 1969)

Arthur César Pereira de Lira is a Brazilian lawyer, farmer, entrepreneur and politician. A member of Progressistas (PP), he is a federal deputy for Alagoas, and President of the Chamber of Deputies since February 2021.

In Brazilian politics, the centrão refers to a group of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and aim at ensuring proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through clientelistic networks. Despite its name, the centrão is not a centrist political group, generally composed of parliamentarians from the "lower clergy" and big tent parties, who act according to their own interests, linked to cronyism and logrolling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JBS plea bargain in Operation Car Wash</span>

The JBS Testimonies in Operation Car Wash refer to the leniency agreement signed between the company JBS and the Office of the Attorney General of Brazil (PGR) in April 2017, within the scope of Operation Car Wash. The Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) approved the agreement on May 18, 2017, based on the plea bargain of the owners Joesley and Wesley Batista and executives of the company. On September 14, 2017, former Attorney General Rodrigo Janot rescinded the agreement with Joesley and Ricardo Saud due to suspicions of obstruction of investigation by the collaborators. The following year, Attorney General Raquel Dodge rescinded the agreement with Wesley Batista and Francisco de Assis e Silva due to their omission of criminal facts of which they were aware.

The removal of Aécio Neves from the Federal Senate of Brazil stems from a provisional decision granted by Supreme Court (STF) Minister Edson Fachin on Thursday, May 18, 2017, determining the removal of Aécio Neves (PSDB-MG) from his position as senator. The accusation is that he allegedly asked for two million reais from the owners of the JBS meatpacking company. On May 31, 2017, through electronic drawing, Minister Marco Aurélio Mello was chosen as the new rapporteur of the process.

References

  1. Passarinho, Nathalia (3 November 2015). "Conselho de Ética instaura processo para investigar Eduardo Cunha". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  2. Schreiber, Mariana (13 September 2016). "Seis destaques da esmagadora cassação de Cunha". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 Cálgaro, Fernanda (5 May 2016). "Conselho de Ética 'respira aliviado' com saída de Cunha, diz presidente". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  4. Bragon, Ranier (13 October 2015). "Com apoio de metade do PT, PSOL e Rede pedem cassação de Cunha" . Folha de S. Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Conselho já teve 6 adiamentos no processo de Cunha; entenda". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 December 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  6. Cálgaro, Fernanda (2 March 2016). "Conselho de Ética aprova dar continuidade ao processo de Cunha". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  7. "Câmara volta a analisar situação de Eduardo Cunha, afastado do mandato". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  8. "Defesa de Cunha descarta pedir suspensão de processo no Conselho de Ética". GaúchaZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  9. Gonçalves, Carolina (17 May 2016). "Conselho de Ética da Câmara ouve última testemunha de Eduardo Cunha". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  10. Costa Júnior, Jairo (18 May 2016). "Satélite: Cacá Leão renuncia à vaga no Conselho de Ética após pressão dos aliados de Cunha". Correio24Horas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  11. Passarinho, Nathalia (25 May 2016). "Maranhão dá nova decisão favorável a Cunha em processo de cassação". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  12. Passarinho, Nathalia (1 June 2016). "Relator pede a cassação de Eduardo Cunha no Conselho de Ética". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  13. Amorim, Felipe; Maia, Gustavo (7 June 2016). "Conselho de Ética adia análise de parece que pede cassação de Eduardo Cunha". UOL Notícias (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  14. "Sem quórum, CCJ da Câmara adia pela 3ª vez análise de parece pró-Cunha". Hoje em Dia. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  15. Lindner, Julia; Cardoso, Daiene (14 June 2016). "Conselho de Ética aprova a cassação do mandato de Cunha por 11 votos a 9" . Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  16. "Recurso de Eduardo Cunha é rejeitado na CCJ da Câmara". GaúchaZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 July 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  17. "Deputados assinam compromisso de ir à sessão que pode cassar Cunha". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 August 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  18. Calgaro, Fernanda (12 September 2016). "Sessão sobre cassação de Cunha é aberta e suspensa em seguida". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  19. "Os deputados que votaram contra a cassação de Eduardo Cunha". El País (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 September 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  20. Jade, Líria (13 September 2016). "Saiba como votou cada deputado na cassação de Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ)". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 Falcão, Márcio (5 May 2016). "Teori afasta Eduardo Cunha do mandato na Câmara" . Folha de S. Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  22. Bedinelli, Talita (6 May 2016). "Perguntas e respostas para entender o afastamento de Eduardo Cunha". El País (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  23. Scocuglia, Livia; Carneiro, Luiz Orlando (5 May 2016). "Pela 1ª vez na história, STF afasta presidente da Câmara dos Deputados". JOTA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  24. Passarinho, Nathalia; Rmaalho, Renan (5 May 2016). "Supremo suspende mandato e afasta Cunha da presidência da Câmra". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  25. "Em cerimônia, Dilma Rousseff comenta sobre o afastamento de Eduardo Cunha". Diário da Manhã (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  26. "Com o afastamento de Cunha, como fica a linha sucessória da Presidência?". UOL Notícias (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  27. 1 2 "Com afastamento, Cunha deve perder salário, seguranças, carro e residência oficial". ZH Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 May 2016. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  28. "Deputado tucano comenta afastamento de Eduardo Cunha". Paraíba Online (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  29. "'Antes tarde do que nunca', diz Dilma sobre afastamento de Eduardo Cunha". Portal Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  30. Rodas, Sérgio (5 May 2016). "Afastamento de Eduardo Cunha 'vem tarde', diz ministro da Justiça". ConJur (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  31. Alfonso, Julia; Macedo, Fausto; Tavares, Vitor (5 May 2016). "Para Barbosa, afastamento de Cunha é decisão 'corajosa e extraordinária'" . Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  32. "Imprensa internacional noticia o afastamento de Eduardo Cunha". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  33. "Afastamento de Eduardo Cunha repercute na imprensa internacional". R7 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  34. "Ministro do STF afasta Cunha da Câmara; corte discute seu destino hoje". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.