Republican Left (Italy)

Last updated
Republican Left
Sinistra Repubblicana
Leader Giorgio Bogi
Founded30 January 1994
Dissolved14 February 1998
Split from Italian Republican Party
Merged into Democrats of the Left
Ideology Social liberalism
National affiliation Democratic Alliance

The Republican Left (Italian : Sinistra Repubblicana, SR) was a social-liberal political party in Italy.

In January 1994 Giorgio La Malfa returned to the leadership of the Italian Republican Party (PRI), replacing Giorgio Bogi, and the party's national council decided to leave Democratic Alliance (AD) – of which the PRI had been a founding member – and to enter the Pact for Italy coalition. Therefore Bogi, Giuseppe Ayala, Libero Gualtieri and others left the PRI and launched the "Republican Left", which continued to be part of AD and joined the larger Alliance of Progressives.

In February 1998 the SR was merged, along with the Labour Federation, the Social Christians, the Unitarian Communists, the Reformists for Europe and the Democratic Federation, into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), thus founding the Democrats of the Left (DS). [1] [2] After that, the SR became an internal faction within the DS.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Democracy (Italy)</span> Political party (1943 to 1994)

Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic political party in Italy. The DC was founded on 15 December 1943 in the Italian Social Republic as the nominal successor of the Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crusader shield. As a Catholic-inspired, centrist, catch-all party comprising both centre-right and centre-left political factions, the DC played a dominant role in the politics of Italy for fifty years, and had been part of the government from soon after its inception until its final demise on 16 January 1994 amid the Tangentopoli scandals. Christian Democrats led the Italian government continuously from 1946 until 1981. The party was nicknamed the "White Whale" due to its huge organisation and official colour. During its time in government, the Italian Communist Party was the largest opposition party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democrats of the Left</span> Italian political party

The Democrats of the Left was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Positioned on the centre-left, the DS, successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party, was formed in 1998 upon the merger of the PDS with several minor parties. A member of The Olive Tree coalition, the DS was successively led by Massimo D'Alema, Walter Veltroni, and Piero Fassino, and merged with Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy and a number of minor centre-left parties to form the Democratic Party in October 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Olive Tree (Italy)</span> Political party in Italy

The Olive Tree was a denomination used for several successive centre-left political and electoral alliances of Italian political parties from 1995 to 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Democratic Socialists</span> Political party in Italy

The Italian Democratic Socialists was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was the direct continuation of the Italian Socialists, the legal successor of the historical Italian Socialist Party. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the other long-time Italian social-democratic party, was merged into it along with other minor parties. The party's long-time leader was Enrico Boselli, a former president of Emilia-Romagna (1990–1993). In 2007, the SDI were merged with other descendants of the PSI to form the modern-day Italian Socialist Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy</span> Former political party in Italy

Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy, commonly known simply as The Daisy, was a centrist political party in Italy. The party was formed from the merger of three parties within the centre-left coalition: the Italian People's Party, The Democrats and Italian Renewal. The party president and leader was Francesco Rutelli, former mayor of Rome and prime ministerial candidate during the 2001 general election for The Olive Tree coalition, within which The Daisy electoral list won 14.5% of the national vote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Republican Party</span> Italian political party

The Italian Republican Party is a political party in Italy established in 1895, which makes it the oldest political party still active in the country. The PRI identifies with 19th-century classical radicalism, as well as Mazzinianism, and its modern incarnation is associated with liberalism, social liberalism, and centrism. The PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position, being the heir of the Historical Far Left and claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. With the rise of the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) to its left, it was associated with centre-left politics. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical, anti-monarchist, republican, and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining those traits, during the second half of the 20th century the party moved towards the centre on the left–right political spectrum, becoming increasingly economically liberal.

Liberalism and radicalism have played a role in the political history of Italy since the country's unification, started in 1861 and largely completed in 1871, and currently influence several leading political parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic Party of the Left</span> Italian political party

The Democratic Party of the Left was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998, the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left. At its peak in 1991, the party had a membership of 989,708; by 1998, it was reduced to 613,412.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic Alliance (Italy)</span> Defunct political party in Italy

The Democratic Alliance was a social-liberal political party in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian People's Party (1994)</span> Political party in Italy

The Italian People's Party was a Christian-democratic, centrist and Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Democrats (Italy)</span> Political party in Italy

The Democrats was a centrist and social-liberal political party in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Renewal</span> Defunct liberal political party in Italy

Italian Renewal was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Movement of Unitarian Communists</span> Italian political party

The Movement of Unitarian Communists, or simply Unitarian Communists, was a communist political party in Italy.

The Labour Federation was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party's leader and founder was Valdo Spini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pact for Italy</span> Italian electoral alliance

The Pact for Italy was a centrist political and electoral alliance in Italy launched by Mario Segni and Mino Martinazzoli in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alliance of Progressives</span> Political party in Italy

The Alliance of Progressives was a left-wing political alliance of parties in Italy formed in 1994, with relevant predecessors at local level in 1993. The leader of the alliance was Achille Occhetto. The alliance was a predecessor of the modern-day centre-left coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic Left (Italy)</span> Defunct Italian political party

Democratic Left, whose complete name was Democratic Left. For European Socialism, was a democratic-socialist political party in Italy.

The Pentapartito, commonly shortened to CAF, refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The pro-European and Atlanticist coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI), and Italian Republican Party (PRI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Refoundation Party</span> Italian political party

The Communist Refoundation Party is a communist political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.

The centre-left coalition is a political alliance of political parties in Italy active under several forms and names since 1995, when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi. The centre-left coalition has ruled the country for more than fifteen years between 1996 and 2021; to do so, it had mostly to rely on a big tent that went from the more radical left-wing, which had more weight between 1996 and 2008, to the political centre, which had more weight during the 2010s, and its main parties were also part of grand coalitions and national unity governments.

References

  1. Daniela Giannetti; Rosa Mulé (2007). "The Democratici di Sinistra: In Search of a New Identity". In Anna Bosco (ed.). Party Change in Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 123. ISBN   978-1-136-76777-7.
  2. Daniela Giannetti; Michael Laver (2008). "Party cohesion, party discipline, and party factions in Europe". In Daniela Giannetti; Kenneth Benoit (eds.). Intra-Party Politics and Coalition Governments. Routledge. p. 152. ISBN   978-1-134-04288-3.