Rhododendron sect. Vireya | |
---|---|
Rhododendron javanicum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Ericales |
Family: | Ericaceae |
Genus: | Rhododendron |
Subgenus: | Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron |
Section: | Rhododendron sect. Vireya (Blume) H.F.Copel. |
Type species | |
Rhododendron javanicum (Blume) Benn. | |
Subsections | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
Schistanthe Schltr. |
Rhododendron section Vireya (vireyas) is a tropical group of Rhododendron species, numbering about 300 in all. [1] The group may also be treated as Rhododendron subgenus Vireya. [2] Vireyas are native to southeastern Asia and range from Thailand to Australia. [3]
Vireya are morphologically diverse, and characterised by seeds with tailed appendages, the presence of leaf idioblasts and capsule valves which twist upon opening. [5]
The formal description (Craven 2008) is: Scales sessile or sometimes stalked, lobed to deeply incised or sometimes entire; corolla campanulate, trumpet-like, salver-shaped, tubular or funnel-shaped; stamens (5–)10(–16), exserted to included, staminal filaments glabrous or hairy from the base; capsule valves twisting after dehiscence; seeds with a distinct tail at each end.
Vireya is the largest of the three sections constituting subgenus Rhododendron, and includes about a third of all Rhododendron species. [6] The exact classification has varied among various authors, some authors considering Vireya to be a separate subgenus [7] rather than as here, a section of the subgenus Rhododendron. [1] [2] It has been suggested that taxonomic nomenclatural correctness requires changing the name of the Vireya rhododendrons to Schistanthe. Thus the term 'Vireya' has been used to refer to Section Vireya (Sleumer), Subgenus Vireya, Section Schistanthe, or the majority of the Malesian tropical rhododendrons. (Fayaz). Goetsch (2011) gives the number of species as 320, and the total taxa including subspecies, forms and varieties as 380.
The section has traditionally been considered to consist of seven subsections based on morphology, [8] although Brown et al., using phylogenetic analysis, found a lack of support for monophyly of these subsections, and rather a series of clades based on geographical distribution: [5]
In Argent's (2006) treatment of Vireya as a subgenus, he included seven sections, with Euvireya consisting of five subsections, [7] but this is not supported by phylogenetic analysis. [1] These studies, for instance that of Hall (2006), [9] suggested a very different approach. The Asian mainland species represented by Pseudovireya appear as a sister group to the other six subsections, while the Malesian species within Pseudovireya also formed an outgroup, resulting in three major clades. Thus Craven et al. proposed there be only two subsections of Vireya, corresponding to the core species, Euvireya and the much smaller Malayovireya , while the other two groups formed out of Pseudovireya be raised to section rank, keeping the original name Pseudovireya for the mainland species, and using Argent's name, Discovireya for the Malesian species. [1] For a comparison of the Sleumer, Argent and Craven schemata, see Craven (2008), Table 1.
Thus the new subsection structure is:
Characteristics:(Craven 2008)
As of December 2023 [update] , World Flora Online treated the group as R. subg.Vireya, divided into seven sections: [2]
Vireya are found throughout the Malesian Archipelago – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and Maluku – and in Papuasia, which includes New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. Some Vireya species also occur in Australia, China, India, Nepal, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Only a few non-Vireya species occur in Malesia, in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and the Philippines. [5] Malesian species are found in all subsections, while species from other areas appear only in Euvvireya, Malayovireya and Pseudovireya. [1]
New Guinea has the most Vireya species of any island, with 167 species. Borneo has 46 species, the second most of any island. [10]
Rhododendron is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.
Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains 64 species, with the best-known being the common mango. The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).
Gaultheria is a genus of about 283 species of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. The name commemorates Jean François Gaultier of Quebec, an honour bestowed by the Scandinavian Pehr Kalm in 1748 and taken up by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum. These plants are native to Asia, Australasia and North and South America. In the past, the Southern Hemisphere species were often treated as the separate genus Pernettya, but no consistent reliable morphological or genetic differences support recognition of two genera, and they are now united in the single genus Gaultheria.
Ledum was a genus in the family Ericaceae, including eight species of evergreen shrub native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and commonly known as Labrador tea. It is now recognised as a subsection of section Rhododendron, subgenus Rhododendron, of the genus Rhododendron.
Rhodora was a section of subgenus Pentanthera in the genus Rhododendron, that has since been discontinued.
Rhododendron subgenus Pentanthera was a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron. The common name azalea is applied to many of the species, and also to species in some other subgenera. In 2005 it was discontinued and its four sections moved or dismembered.
Rhododendron subgenus Rhododendron is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron. With around 400 species, it is the largest of the eight subgenera containing nearly half of all known species of Rhododendron and all of the lepidote species.
Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron, with a widespread distribution in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are evergreen shrubs and small to medium-sized trees, with medium-sized to large leaves. The flowers are large, produced in terminal trusses of 5-40 together.
Rhododendron spinuliferum is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to Yunnan and Sichuan, China.
Rhododendron lochiae is a species of plant in the family Ericaceae, and is one of only two species of the genus Rhododendron that are native to Australia. It is found only in restricted areas of mountain–top cloud forest habitats within the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Site. The other species, Rhododendron viriosum, was only formally classified as a separate species in 2002.
Rhododendron section Tsutsusi was a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron, commonly referred to as the evergreen azaleas. In 2005 it was reduced to a section of subgenus Azaleastrum. Containing 80 - 117 species, it includes both deciduous and evergreen types and is distributed in Japan, China and northeastern Asia. They are of high cultural importance to the Japanese. Among the species in this genus lie the largest flowering azaleas.
Rhododendron beyerinckianum is a species of rhododendron endemic to New Guinea. It is found in the Indonesian portion of the island and western Papua New Guinea, extending as far east as Mount Victoria and Mount Dayman, where it grows at elevations of 1400–4000 meters. It is a shrub that grows to 5 m in height, with leathery leaves that are narrowly ovate, 6 x 3.5 cm in size. Flowers are tubular-funnel-shaped and usually dark red, but also white, yellow, greenish or pink.
Rhododendron subgenus Azaleastrum is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron.
Rhododendron subg. Choniastrum is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron, originally a section of subgenus Azaleastrum it was elevated to subgenus rank after cladistic analysis revealed that together with Rhododendron it formed a major clade, distinct from other sections of Azaleastrum.
Rhododendron subsection Brachycalyx is a subsection of the genus Rhododendron, in section Tsutsusi, subgenus Azaleastrum, consisting of fifteen species of azaleas from Asia.
Rhododendron subsection Tsutsusi is a subsection of the genus Rhododendron, in section Tsutsusi, subgenus Azaleastrum, consisting of 66 species of Azaleas.
Rhododendron javanicum is a rhododendron species native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This evergreen shrub grows to 5 m (16 ft) with bright orange flowers in spring. Plants may be terrestrial or epiphytic. Some forms from the Philippines may have red or bicoloured flowers, but are less often seen in cultivation.