Robert Allan Jacobs | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 16, 1905 |
| Died | November 4, 1993 (aged 88) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Awards | Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (1953) |
| Practice | Kahn & Jacobs |
Robert Allan Jacobs FAIA (1905-1993) was an American architect in practice in New York City from 1935 to 1976. From 1939 until 1965 he was the partner of Ely Jacques Kahn in the firm of Kahn & Jacobs.
Jacobs was born September 16, 1905, in New York City to Harry Allan Jacobs, an architect, and Elsie (Wolf) Jacobs. He was educated at Amherst College and at Columbia University, graduating from the latter in 1934. [1] After graduation he traveled to Paris, where he worked in the studio of architect Le Corbusier during the winter of 1934–35. He then returned to the United States, where he joined the New York City office of Harrison & Fouilhoux. In the fall of 1935 Corbusier traveled to the United States for a lecture tour, and Jacobs served as his guide and interpreter from October to December. [2] Jacobs then returned to Harrison, remaining with him until 1938, when he joined the firm of Ely Jacques Kahn, a close friend of his late father. He became a junior partner in 1939 and a full partner in 1941 in the reorganized Kahn & Jacobs. Among their first works as partners was the Municipal Asphalt Plant (1944). Jacobs claimed credit for the design, which he based on the work of engineer Eugène Freyssinet. Otherwise the firm built on their previous reputation for the design of large office buildings. [3] These, designed both independently and with others, include:
Their particular expertise in office building design led to the firm's employment as associate architect for the Seagram Building, designed by Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. [3]
Other projects include:
Kahn and Jacobs had frequent disagreements during the later years of their partnership, and Kahn retired from practice in 1965. [3] Jacobs continued the firm under the same name with partners Lloyd A. Doughty, Sheldon Fox and Irving H. Kaplan and associates including Der Scutt. [4] By 1972 Jacobs was also considering retirement, and considered an offer by Doughty, Fox and Kaplan to purchase his share in the firm. This was ultimately rejected and he sold the firm to Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum (HOK) of St. Louis. [3] Friction quickly developed between designers from Kahn & Jacobs and HOK. Several, including Fox and Scutt, soon left. Though he had intended to retire, HOK considered Jacobs valuable for client relations purposes and he remained as president of the subsidiary Kahn & Jacobs/Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum until 1976, when the Kahn & Jacobs name was retired and the office fully merged with HOK. From then until his retirement in 1982 he was chair of the firm's advisory board. [5] [1]
Jacobs joined the American Institute of Architects in 1940 and was elected a fellow in 1953. [6] He also served as president of the Architectural League of New York from 1962 to 1964 [7] and was affiliated with the Manhattan Council of the Boy Scouts of America, the National Institute for Architectural Education, the International Union of Architects and the Municipal Art Society. [1]
Jacobs was married in 1934 to Frances Cullman in New York City. They had three children: Frances, Barbara and Robert Allan Jr. They divorced in 1956 and he remarried in 1966 to Margot (Helland) Koehler. [1] Jacobs died November 4, 1993, at home in Pawling, New York, at the age of 88. [7] After his death his papers were donated to Columbia University by his widow, Margot Jacobs.
Wallace Kirkman Harrison was an American architect. Harrison started his professional career with the firm of Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray, participating in the construction of Rockefeller Center. He is best known for executing large public projects in New York City and upstate, many of them a result of his long and fruitful personal relationship with Nelson Rockefeller, for whom he served as an adviser.
The International Style or internationalism is a major architectural style that was developed in the 1920s and 1930s and was closely related to modernism and modernist architecture. It was first defined by Museum of Modern Art curators Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson in 1932, based on works of architecture from the 1920s. The terms rationalist architecture and modern movement are often used interchangeably with International Style, although the former is mostly used in the English-speaking world to specifically refer to the Italian rationalism, or even the International Style that developed in Europe as a whole.
The Seagram Building is a skyscraper at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd and 53rd Streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe along with Philip Johnson, Ely Jacques Kahn, and Robert Allan Jacobs, the high-rise tower is 515 feet (157 m) tall with 38 stories. The International Style building, completed in 1958, initially served as the headquarters of the Seagram Company, a Canadian distiller.
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HOK, formerly Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum and legally HOK Group, Inc., is an American design, architecture, engineering, and urban planning firm, founded in 1955.
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Ely Jacques Kahn was an American commercial architect who designed numerous skyscrapers in New York City in the twentieth century. In addition to buildings intended for commercial use, Kahn's designs ranged throughout the possibilities of architectural programs, including facilities for the film industry. Many of the buildings he designed under the 1916 Zoning Resolution feature architectural setbacks to keep the building profitably close to its permitted "envelope"; these have been likened to the stepped form of the Tower of Babel. Kahn is also known for his guidance to author Ayn Rand.
Der Scutt was an American architect and designer of a number of major and notable buildings throughout New York City and the United States.
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Harry Allan Jacobs (1872–1932) was an American architect from New York City. He designed the hotel building at 22 East 29th Street, now the James New York - NoMad, a New York City Landmark. He also designed Hotel Marseilles (1905), a New York City Landmark, and the wings added to 1125 Grand Concourse.
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George E. Kassabaum was an American architect, and one of the co-founders of the HOK architectural firm.
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