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Under Diocletian, according to the local legend, 4000 Christians with their bishop, whose name is unknown, were burned alive in their church.[4] The diocese of Lodi and its bishop, Maurizio Malvestiti, reject the tale, naming Bassianus as their "protovescovo".[5]
The actual origins of the diocese are obscure. Some name Bassianus as the first bishop, others name Julianus, whose time of service is equally obscure.[6]St. Bassianus, the patron of the city of Lodi, was certainly bishop in 378.[7]
Lodi was finally captured by the Milanese in the last week of May 1191.[8]
On 9 January 1252, Pope Innocent IV restored the diocese of Lodi, which had been suppressed by Pope Gregory IX.[9] In a separate document of 26 January 1252, Pope Innocent ordered Bishop Bongiovanni Fissiraga to confiscate all the benefices and fiefs of clergy and laity who had supported the Emperor Frederick II.[10]
In 1298 Bishop Berardus Talente (1296–1307) became the first bishop of Lodi to assume the title of Count.[11]
The episcopal palace was built in the 1730s by Patriarch Carlo Ambrogio Mezzabarba (1725–1741).[12]
Synods, provincial and diocesan
Bishop Raimundus Sommaripa, O.P. (1289–1296) took part in the provincial synod held on 27 November 1271, by Archbishop Otto Visconti of Milan, for the purpose of aid to the Holy Land. The Siege of Acre (1291) had just ended, with the collapse of Christian power in the Levant. Pope Nicholas IV had written letters to all the archbishops, instructing them to hold such synods.[13] Bishop Aegidius dall' Aqua (1307–1312) was represented by the Archpriest Pagazani at the provincial synod of Milan, held at Bergamo on 5 July 1311, under the presidency of Archbishop Castano Turriano.[14]
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop, to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy, and to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.[15]
In 1364, Bishop Paolo Cadamosto (1354–1387) held a diocesan synod pro tuendis ecclesiae suae legibus.[16]
Bishop Ludovico Taverna (1579–1616) presided over a diocesan synod in 1591.[17] The third diocesan synod was held by Bishop Michelangelo Seghizzi, O.P. (1616–1625) in 1619. Bishop Clemente Gera (1625–1643) held a diocesan synod in 1637.[18] A diocesan synod took place in 1657, presided over by Bishop Pietro Vidoni (1644–1669).[19] Bishop Bartolomeo Menatti (1673–1702) presided over the sixth diocesan synod in Lodi on 28–30 March 1689.[20]
Bishop Giuseppe Gallarati (1742–1765) held the seventh diocesan synod in Lodi on 9–11 June 1755.[21] Bishop Gaetano Benaglia (1837–1868) held the eighth diocesan synod in Lodi on 29–31 August 1854.[22] Bishop Giovanni Battista Rota (1888–1913) presided over the ninth diocesan synod on 28–30 September 1896.[23]
The tenth diocesan synod was held by Bishop Pietro Calchi Novati (1927–1952) on 27–29 October 1931;[24] and another, the diocese's twelfth, on 16–17 October 1951.[25]
The fourteenth diocesan synod, embracing themes of evangelization advocated by Pope Francis, took place, after more than ten years' preparation, in January 2020, under the leadership of Bishop Maurizio Malvestiti.[26]
Chapter and cathedral
After the complete destruction of Lodi (Laus Pompeia) in 1111, a new cathedral was begun on 3 August 1158. In January of that year, every inhabitant of Lodi above the age of fifteen had been required to swear fidelity to Milan. Those who had refused, were expelled on 22 April 1153.[27] The cathedral was completed, except for the façade, in 1163, and the remains of Bishop Bassianus reburied in the crypt, in the presence of Antipope Victor IV and the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.[28] Originally dedicated to Bassianus, the new cathedral acquired the dedication to the taking up (Assumption) of the physical body of the Virgin Mary into heaven. Bishop Alberico di Merlino (1160–1168), who had joined the imperial schism, was excommunicated by Cardinal Joannes de Anagnia, the papal Legate, on 12 March 1160.[29] Albericus was expelled from Lodi by the forces of Pope Alexander III in 1168.[30]
In 1617, the cathedral Chapter was composed of five dignities and nineteen Canons.[31] In 1717, there were four dignities (Provost, Archdeacon, Cantor, and Archpriest) and fourteen Canons, one of whom was responsible for the souls of the parishioners of the cathedral.[32]
In 1817, in accordance with the decree of 8 June 1805, promulgated by Napoleon, King of Italy and Emperor of the French, the cathedral Chapter of Lodi consisted of one dignity, the Archpriest, and eight Canons, two of whom were designated the Theologus and the Penitentiarius, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent.[33]
The diocese has reorganized its internal structure, and now has 123 parishes.
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↑ Under Diocletian, the Church was still an illegal cult. It did not have the right to own property, or to assemble legally. The number 4,000 burnt is implausibly generous.
↑ Kehr VI. 1, p. 238: "Episcopatus Laudensis origines obscurae sunt. Primus episcopus, cuius certa notitia habetur, s. Bassianus est, Laudensis ecclesiae et urbis patronus, de quo s. Ambrosius ad Felicem Cumanum episcopum scripsit. Alii vero s. lulianum primum Laudensium antistitem fuisse contendunt.
↑ Vignati, Codice diplomatico Laudense parte prima, pp. xlix-l.
↑ Vignati, Codice diplomatico Laudense parte seconda, p. 345, no. 342.
↑ Vignati, p. 346, no. 353. Frederick had died on 13 December 1350, making it possible for the pope to claw back the allegiances of those who had not supported the Church. It was bad policy, merely intensifying the strife between the Ghibellines (dispossessed) and the Guelfs (new possessors). Cf. Cappelletti XII, p. 357. Vignati, Codice diplomatico Laudense parte seconda, pp. lxxvii–lxxviii.
↑ Benedictus XIV (1842). "Lib. I. caput secundum. De Synodi Dioecesanae utilitate". Benedicti XIV ... De Synodo dioecesana libri tredecim (in Latin). Vol.Tomus primus. Mechlin: Hanicq. pp.42–49. John Paul II, Constitutio Apostolica de Synodis Dioecesanis Agendis (March 19, 1997): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 89 (1997), pp. 706-727. Andrea Tilatti, "Sinodi diocesane e concili provinciali in italia nord-orientale fra Due e Trecento. Qualche riflessione," Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes T. 112, N°1. 2000, pp. 273-304.
↑ J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima Tomus 36ter (Arnhem and Leipzig: H. Welter 1924), p. 350. (in Latin)
↑ Synodus Laudensis decima ab excellentissimo Dom. Dom. Petro Calchi Novati in cathedrali ecclesia celebrata diebus XVII, XVIII, XIX octobris anno Domini MCMXXXI. Laude Pompeia: typis typographiae socialis laudensis. 1932 (in Latin)
↑ Synodus laudensis XII: XVII et XVI kalendas novembres anno Domini MCMLI in cathedrali ecclesia auctoritate exc.mi Domini Petri Calchi Novati celebrata, iussu exc . mi Domini Aloysii C . Borromeo episcopi Comae et vic.capit ...(in Latin)
↑ Ritzler and Sefrin V, p. 238, note 1. The diocese had approximately eighty parishes. The city contained some 14,000 persons, and was ruled by the King of Spain, who was also Duke of Milan.
↑ Bishop Julianus governed the Church of Lodi for 18 years, 9 months, and 10 days, dying at the age of 82. Anselmo da Vairano put him in the 4th century; Ughelli places him in 305. The style of his funerary inscription, however, is of the 5th or 6th century. Lanzoni, pp. 95-96, no. 5.
↑ According to his tombstone, Ticianus was born in 421, was bishop for a biennium, and died on 1 May 476. His purported relics were discovered in 1640. Lanzoni, p. 994, no. 3.
↑ Venantius is mentioned in a letter of Pope Gregory I (IV. 21) to Bishop Constantius of Milan, but he was not episcopus laudensis, but episcopus lunensis. Lanzoni, p. 995. Kehr VI. 1, p. 240.
↑ Projectus' tombstone contains two date indicators, which unfortunately do not correspond with each other. He governed the Church of Lodi for twelve years and eight days, which would place the beginning of his episcopate in 563 or 566. Cesare Vigneti, Codice diplomatico Laudense, parte prima (Milano: Gazetano Brigola 1879), p. xli. Lanzoni, p. 995, no. 4.
↑ Bishop Donatus was present in Rome for the Roman synod of Pope Agatho in 679. He subscribed the synodical letter sent to the Third Council of Constantinople in 680. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XI (Florence: A. Zatta 1765), p. 774.
↑ L. Astegiano, "Spigolature", Archivio storico per la città e i comuni del territorio lodigiano e della diocesi di Lodi 16 (1897), p. 184.
↑ Erimpertus attended the provincial synod of Aquileia and Grado, held at Mantua under the direction of the papal legates, Cardinals Benedetto and Leo. Donesmondi I, pp. 145-146. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIV (Venice: A. Zatta 1969), p. 527.
↑ Jacobus: Vigneti, Codex diplomaticus Laudensis, parte prima, pp. 7-8.
↑ Pope Marinus I wrote to Bishop Gerardus on 22 June 883, about the correct relationship between the bishops of Lodi and the abbots of the monasterium Savinionis. Pope Stephen V wrote to him in 887 or 888. Kehr VI. 1, p. 239, nos. 1, 2.
↑ Amaione: Vigneti, Codex diplomaticus Laudensis, parte prima, pp. 13-14.
↑ Eldegarius (Ildegarius, Adecharius, ALdecarco): Vigneti, Codex diplomaticus Laudensis, parte prima, pp. 14-15, no. 8.
↑ A single document, a land sale, testifies to the existence of Zilicus, brother of Thomas de Vignate, son of the late Zilietus. Vigneti, Codex diplomaticus Laudensis, parte prima, pp. 15-16, no. 9. Vigneti warns (p. 15, note 1) that the authenticity of the document is in question: "I cronisti più antichi ed altri scrittori di cose Lo digiane non muovevano dubbio sull' autenticità di questo atto; altri lo ritiene apocrifo senz'altro; io lo pubblico come sta, pur dubitando."
↑ Olgerius: Vigneti, Codex diplomaticus Laudensis, parte prima, pp. 17-18, no. 11.
↑ Oldericus, who was the choice of the clergy and people of Lodi for their bishop, was opposed by the archbishop of Milan, who consecrated his own candidate, Ambrogio Arluno, who was a cardinal Canon of the cathedral of Milan, and conducted a war against Lodi until they submitted to his bishop. Odericus retired to his home town of Cremona, where he was still alive in 1032. Vigneti, parte prima, pp. xlv-xlvi.
↑ Ambrosius: Vigneti, parte prima, pp. xlv-xlvi. Schwartz, p. 120.
↑ Bishop Opizo was summoned along with other Lomnbard bishops to the Lenten Roman synod of 1059. He joined the schismatic party of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his Antipope Clement III. Schwartz, p. 121. Kehr VI. 1, p. 7, no. 24; 240, no. 5 (3 March 1075) and no. 6.
↑ Albericus was intruded as bishop of Lodi by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. He followed Barbarossa and his pope. the Antipope Victor IV, into schism. He was excommunicated by Cardinal Joannes de Anagnia, the papal Legate, on 12 March 1160. He was deposed in 1168 by Pope Alexander III, and removed from his diocese on 29 March 1168 by Archbishop Galdinus of Milan. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 192-200. Cappelletti XII, pp. 339-342. Kehr VI. 1, p. 243, no. 21.
↑ Alberto was elected Bishop of Lodi on 29 March 1168. Alberto died 4 July 1173. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 200-209. Cappelletti XII, pp. 342-348. Giovanni Labus (1828). Vita Di S. Alberto Quadrelli Vescovo Di Lodi (in Italian). Milano: Bonfanti.
↑ Albericus was a native of Lodi, and a Canon of the cathedral. He died on 4 July 1189. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 209-214. Cappelletti XII, pp. 348-353. Gams, p. 793, column 2.
↑ Bishop Jacobus apparently paid money to have himself consecrated a bishop by the Archbishop of Milan. He was summoned to the papal court by Pope Honorius III to explain himself. He died in the same year in which he was elected. Eubel I, p. 295 with note 1.
↑ Bishop Ambrosius died in the same year in which he was elected, on 7 November 1218. Eubel I, p. 295.
↑ A provincial synod took place in Lodi in 1227, according to Cappelletti (p. 357). Coleti and Zatta, pp. 217-239. Cappelletti XII, pp. 354-357. Eubel I, p. 295.
↑ The diocese was suppressed by Pope Gregory IX, who 22 August 1241. Cappelletti XII, pp. 357-358.
↑ Bonjoannes was appointed by Pope Innocent IV when he had restored the diocese of Lodi on 9 January 1252. On 1 April 1252, Bonjoannes is still referred to as electus. He made his solemn entry into Lodi on 7 April 1252. He was present at the provincial council of 1277, presided over by Archbishop Otto Visconti. He died on 8 October (or November) 1289. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 239-242.
↑ The vacancy was due to a contested election and appeals. Eubel I, p. 295, note 4.
↑ There was a contested election. Pallatini, peacemaker between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, was appointed by Pope John XXII. He died on 16 March 1343. Eubel I, p. 295 with note 4.
↑ Lucas had been an apostolic penitentiary in Avignon. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi by Pope Clement VI on 31 March 1343. He died after 8 December 1353, but before the appointment of his successor on 26 February 1354. Eubel I, p. 295.
↑ Cadamosto was a native of Lodi, and had been a Canon of Reggio Emilia. He was appointed BIshop of Lodi by Pope Innocent VI on 7 February 1354. He served as legate of Pope Urban VI in Hungary. He died in December 1387. Eubel I, p. 295.
↑ Pietro had been Bishop of Verona (1350–1388). He was transferred to the diocese of Lodi on 12 November 1388 by Pope Urban VI. He died in 1392. Eubel I, p. 295-296; 523.
↑ Buttigella: Cappelletti XII, p. 370-371. Eubel I, p. 296.
↑ Landriani's brother was the secretary of the Duke of Milan. Landriani discovered the De Oratore of Cicero. On 15 March 1419 he was named Bishop of Lodi by Pope Martin V. On 6 March 1437, Landriani was appointed Bishop of Como by Pope Eugenius IV, and was named a cardinal on 18 December 1439. He died on 9 October 1445. Sorof, Gustav, ed. (1875). M. Tullii Ciceronis De oratore libri tres (in German). Berlin: Weidmann. pp.xlvii–xlix. Lorenzo Cardella (1793), Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa Tomo III (Rome: Pagliarini), pp. 80-81 (in Italian). Eubel I, p. 296 with note 8; II, p. 140.
↑ Bernieri was a Doctor of Canon Law. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi by Pope Eugenius IV on 7 June 1435. He died on 29 May 1456. Cappelletti XII, p. 374. Eubel II, p. 173.
↑ Pallavicini was appointed Bishop of Lodi on 21 June 1456, but he required a dispensation because he was below the canonical age of 27 for consecration as a bishop. He decorated the cathedral with expensive jeweled vessels. He added the fourth dignity to the cathedral Chapter, that of Archpriest. He died on 1 October 1497. Luigi M. Manzini. Mons. Carlo Pallavicino. Vescovo di Lodi dal 1456 al 1497 (in Italian). Il Pomerio. ISBN978-88-7121-050-6. Cappelletti XII, p. 374. Gams, p. 794. Eubel II, p. 173.
↑ Sforza was the son of Galezzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi on 27 October 1497, though he was below the minimum age for consecration as a bishop, and was therefore only Administrator. He was expelled in the revolution that overthrew his family. Cappelletti XII, pp. 374-375. Eubel II, p. 173.
↑ Sforza was still bishop-elect when he was transferred to the diocese of Arezzo on 19 November 1519. Cappelletti XII, p. 375. Eubel III, pp. 116, 220 with note 2.
↑ Giacomo Simonetti: Eubel III, pp. 23, no. 5; 220.
↑ Giovanni was the nephew of Cardinal Giacomo Simonetta. Eubel III, p. 220.
↑ Scarampi had been Bishop of Nola. He was transferred to the diocese of Lodi by Pope Paul IV on 9 March 1569. He died on 30 July 1576. Eubel III, p. 220.
↑ Federici was a cleric of the diocese of Milan, and held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was Bishop of Sagona (Corsica) from 1552 to 1562. He was transferred to the diocese of Martorano from 1562 to 1569, when he resigned to become Governor of the city of Rome. He was papal Nuncio to the Duke of Savoy. He was transferred to the diocese of Lodi on 6 August 1576. He died on 6 November 1579. Eubel III, p. 220 with note 8; 237; 288 with notes 6, 7, 8.
↑ Taverna was a cleric of the diocese of Milan, who required a dispensation because of his illegitimate birth. He was papal Treasurer. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi on 9 December 1579. He resigned in 1616. Eubel III, p. 220 with note 8.
↑ Seghizzi was a native of Lodi. He had been Inquisitor of the Holy Inquisition for Cremona and Milan. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi on 13 June 1616. He died on 9 March 1625. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 324-326. Cappelletti XII, pp. 378-379. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 216.
↑ Gera was a native of Novara. He was a Referendary of the Tribunal of the Two Signatures in the Roman Curia. He was Bishop of Terni (1613–1625). On 21 May 1625 he was transferred to the diocese of Lodi by Pope Urban VIII. He held a diocesan synod in 1638. He died on 23 November 1643. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 326-327. Gauchat IV, pp. 210 with note 3; 216.
↑ A native of Cremona, Vidoni held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Sapienza 1631). He was named Bishop of Lodi by Pope Urban VIII on 13 July 1644, and was consecrated on 9 October 1644. He took possession of his diocese on 16 January 1645. On 30 May 1652, Bishop Pietro Vidoni led an embassay from Pope Innocent X to King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland. He was caught in the invasion of Poland by King Gustavus Adolfus of Sweden. While he was in Poland, his Vicar General in Lodi, Cosimo Majoco Gumerio, held a diocesan synod in 1657. Vidoni continued to act as Nuncio in Poland until he was created cardinal in 1660. He served as papal Legate in Bologna from 1662 to 1665. He died in Rome in January 1681. Coleti and Zatta, pp. 327-329. Cappelletti XII, pp. 380-381. Gauchat IV, p. 216.
↑ Born in Milan in 1628, Corio was a member of the Theatine Order, and a teacher of theology. He was named Bishop of Lodi on 15 July 1669, and consecrated by Pope Clement IX. He held the church of Lodi for only 21 months. He died on 21 April 1671. Coleti and Zatta, p. 329. Ritzler and Sefrin V 238 with note 3.
↑ Rabbia had been a college rector in colleges of his Order in Ravenna, Bologna, Milan, and Rome. He served as secretary of the General Chapter of his Order, and was a diffinitor at its sessions, and finally was the Order's Visitor in Lombardy. Appointed Bishop of Lodi on 28 September 1671, he was consecrated by Cardinal Pietro Vidoni on 4 October. He never took possession of the diocese, but died on 19 January 1672, less than four months after his appointment. He was buried in Milan, in the church of S. Antonio the Abbot, which was in the hands of his Order. Coleti and Zatta, p. 329. Ritzler and Sefrin V 238 with note 4 (who identify him as a Theatine).
↑ Menatti: Ritzler and Sefrin V, p. 238 with note 5.
↑ Visconti: Ritzler and Sefrin V, p. 238 with note 6.
↑ Born in Pavia in 1685, Mezzabarba held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Pavia 1710). A referendary of the Tribunal of the Two Signatures, he served as papal governor of Todi (1717), and the Sabine territory (1718). He had been Apostolic Visitor with power of a papal legate to the kingdoms of the Chinas and the eastern Indies from 1719 to 1723. He was appointed Bishop of Lodi on 23 July 1725, and allowed to retain the title of Patriarch of Alexandria; he took possession of the diocese on 1 November 1725. He conducted a diocesan visitation in 1729. He died on 7 December 1741. Cappelletti XII, pp. 385-387. Ritzler and Sefrin V, pp. 77 with note 5; 238 with note 7. John E. Wills, Jr (31 December 2010). China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, Settlement, Diplomacy and Missions. Cambridge University Press. pp.167–168. ISBN978-1-139-49426-7.
↑ Gallarati was a native of Milan. He was Doctor in utroque iure (Civil Law and Canon Law) from the University of Pavia (1725). He was Canon of the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria della Scala (Milan). He was consecrated in Rome by Pope Benedict XIV on 25 April 1742. Ritzler and Sefrin, VI, p. 254 with note 2.
↑ Andriani was a lecturer in theology at the preparatory seminary in Lodi. He was then Rector of the Imperial College in Milan. He became Procurator General of the Barnabites. He was consecrated a bishop income by Pope Clement XIII on 1 May 1765. Cappelletti XII, p. 388. Ritzler and Sefrin, VI, p. 254 with note 3.
↑ Beretta was a native of Milan. He became a Master in theology (1784), and was a Canon of the Basilica of S. Ambrogio in Milan. Pope Pius VI named him a supernumerary private chamberlain (i.e. a monsignor). He was nominated Bishop of Lodi by the Emperor Joseph II on 24 November 1784, and approved by Pius VI on 14 February 1785. He was consecrated in Rome on 24 February by Cardinal Antonio Visconti. After the French invasion of 1796, he was exiled for his opposition to the oath to the Constitution of the Cisalpine Republic. But in 1798, when the Austrians evicted the French from his diocese, he refused to swear loyalty to Austria. In 1800, he traveled to Venice, to secure the blessing and support of the new pope, Pius VII, but he was forbidden to return to his diocese. Cappelletti XII, p. 388. Ritzler, VI, p. 254 with note 4.
↑ In 1817, the Emperor Francis I had nominated the professor emeritus of dogmatic theology at the local seminary, Don Alessandro Pagani, who was serving as Provost of the parish of Castelleone in the diocese of Cremona. The appointment had not yet been confirmed by Pope Pius VII. Giornale Della Provincia Di Lodi E Crema: Per L'Anno 1817 (in Italian). Lodi: Giovanni Pallavicini. 1817. p.61.
↑ Pagani was a native of Cremona, who had been Provost and Vicar Forane in Castelleone (diocese of Cremona). He was named Bishop of Lodi on 27 September 1819 by Pope Pius VII. He died on 27 June 1835. Cappelletti XII, p. 388. Ritzler and Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, p. 232.
↑ Benaglia was a native of Bergamo, and had been a Canon in the cathedral Chapter of Bergamo. On 20 July 1837, he was nominated to the diocese of Lodi by Ferdinand I of Austria, King of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, and confirmed by Pope Gregory XVI on 2 October 1837. He was consecrated a bishop in Bergamo on 25 March 1838, and took possession of the diocese of Lodi on 1 April 1838. He died on 13 June 1868. Giornale Della Provincia Di Lodi E Crema: Per L'Anno 1858 (in Italian). Lodi: Dalla Provinciale e Vescovile Tipografia di Giovanni Pallavicini. 1858. p.215.Cappelletti XII, p. 388. Ritzler and Sefrin VII, p. 232.
↑ Gelmini: Ritzler and Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, p. 334.
↑ On 20 May 1977, Oggioni was transferred to the diocese of Bergamo by Pope Paul VI.
Ughelli, Ferdinando; Niccolò Coleti (1719). Italia sacra, sive De episcopis Italiæ (in Latin). Vol.Tomus quartus. Venice: apud Sebastianum Coleti. pp.654–688.
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