The Diocese of Providence (Latin: Dioecesis Providentiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Rhode Island in the United States. The diocese was erected by Blessed Pope Pius IX on February 17, 1872.
Unlike the other British colonies in North America, the colony of Providence Plantations was founded in 1643 on the basis of religious tolerance for all Christians.[3] However, by 1719, the Rhode Island General Assembly had enacted a law disenfranchising Catholics from voting to discourage any from moving to the colony.[4]
During the American Revolution, a French army camped in Newport and Providence; the first Catholic masses in the colony were celebrated there for these soldiers. After the Revolution, the new State of Rhode Island allowed Catholics to vote in 1783.[5]
In 1789, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Baltimore to cover the entire territory of the new United States.[6] After the uprising by enslaved peoples in the French colony of Guadeloupe, several French families migrated to Bristol and Providence. In 1808, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Boston, covering Rhode Island and the rest of New England.
The construction of Fort Adams in Newport and the establishment of cotton mills in Pawtucket started attracting Irish Catholic immigrants to Rhode Island. The first Catholic church in Rhode Island was established in 1828 in Newport to minister to Catholics working on the fort.[7]
1830 to 1872
In the 1830s, John Corry started looking for a plot of land to build the first Catholic church in Providence. However, many landowners were unwilling to go against anti-Catholic sentiment in the city by selling him land. Corry finally obtained a property and starting building Saints Peter and Paul Church, which was dedicated in 1838.[8]
In 1843, Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Hartford, which included both Connecticut and Rhode Island. The pope selected William Tyler of Boston as the first bishop of Hartford. At the time, only 600 Catholics lived in Hartford, Connecticut, as opposed to 2,000 in Providence.[9] For that reason, Tyler petitioned the Vatican to move the diocesan see from Hartford to Providence.[10] The oldest existing Catholic church in Rhode Island, St. Mary's, was founded in West Warwick in 1844.[11]
1872 to 1887
On February 16, 1872, Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Providence, taking all of Rhode Island from the Diocese of Hartford. The pope also included the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, the Cape Cod area, and other parts of southern Massachusetts in the new diocese.[12] The pope named Thomas Hendricken as the first bishop of Providence.[13] The new diocese had 125,000 parishioners, 43 churches, nine parish schools and one orphanage.[14]
During Hendricken's tenure, French Canadian Catholics started migrating into the diocese to work in the textile mills in Woonsocket and Fall River, Massachusetts.[15] Hendricken created 13 English-speaking parishes and two French-speaking parishes during this time. By 1873, the immigration into the diocese slowed and the post-war boom ended with many of his flock unemployed or on reduced wages. Hendricken started the design and construction of the Cathedral of SS Peter and Paul.
1887 to 1900
After Hendricken died in 1886, Pope Leo XIII in 1887 named Matthew Harkins of Boston as the next bishop of Providence.[16] During his tenure as bishop, Harkins constructed the following institutions:
Home for the Aged in Pawtucket (1881)
St. Maria Working Girls' Home in Providence (1894)
St. Joseph's Hospital in Providence (started 1891)
During Harkins's tenure, the diocese grew to be among the largest in the country and to have one of the highest percentage of Catholics. The diocese had 20 French Canadian parishes, two Italian parishes, four Polish parishes, one Portuguese parish and one Syrian parish.[15]
1900 to 1933
In 1904, the Vatican split the Diocese of Fall River out of the Diocese of Providence, removing all of the Massachusetts counties and islands. This left 190,000 Catholics in the Diocese of Providence. During his tenure as bishop, Harkins increased the number of parishes in the diocese from 39 to 95; most of these new parishes were erected in the cities and growing suburbs, and were designated for different ethnic groups.[17] He founded Providence College in 1917.
Due to Harkins's advancing age and declining health, the Vatican appointed two auxiliary bishops to the diocese between 1914 and 1917. In 1919, the pope named William Hickey from the Diocese of Worcester as coadjutor bishop in 1919 to assist Harkins.[17]
When Harkins died in 1921, Hickey automatically succeeded him as bishop of Providence. In 1923, Hickey started an initiative to upgrade and build new high schools in the diocese. The diocese soon unveiled plans to upgrade Mount Saint Charles Academy, a secondary school in Woonsocket. The academy had been teaching classes in French to accommodate the French Canadian Catholic population in the town. However, it soon became clear that Hickey intended for the classes in the renovated school to be taught in English only. The parishioners became angry that they were being forced to pay for their children to be taught in English. Elphege Daignault, a Woonsocket lawyer, became a protest leader. In a swipe at Hickey, he labeled the Irish-American clergy as “national assassins".[18] In 1924, the dissidents founded the newspaper La Sentinelle, to express their opposition to Hickey's plan. The dissidents were now called Sentinellists.[19][18]
Daignault and the Sentinellists first appealed Hickey's plans to Archbishop Pietro Fumasoni-Biondi, the apostolic delegate, or Vatican representative, to the United States. When that appeal failed, Daignault sued the diocese in state court in Rhode Island. The Rhode Island Supreme Court eventually ruled that it had no jurisdiction in church affairs. By this point, the controversy had gained publicity in French Canadian communities throughout the United States and Canada. The Sentinellists finally sent a delegation to Vatican City to appeal directly to Pope Pius XI, but he refused to see them.[20][21]
In 1927, Hickey excommunicated Daignault and other Sentinellists and placed La Sentinelle on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, prohibiting Catholics from reading it. Eventually, Daignault and the others recanted their opposition to Hickey and he lifted their excommunications.[21] Hickey died in 1933.
During Keough's tenure as bishop, the Catholic population of the diocese increased from 325,000 to 425,000, and the number of clergy grew by fifty percent.[23] He also founded a minor seminary, eased tensions between the French- and English-speaking parishioners, and reduced the heavy debt load of the diocese.[24] Keough was named Archbishop of Baltimore in 1947.
Russell J. McVinney was the next bishop of Providence, named by Pius XII in 1948. During his tenure in Providence, McVinney established 28 new parishes, and opened Our Lady of Fatima Hospital. In 1952, McVinney declared that:
Catholic lawyers in the diocese were forbidden from representing plaintiffs in legal separations, divorces or annulments of catholic marriages without prior permission from McVinney.
Catholics in the diocese were forbidden from attending marriage ceremonies of a Catholic by a non-Catholic clergyman or a justice of the peace. They could not show their approval of the union by attending the wedding party or giving a wedding gift.
Catholics in the diocese who were themselves invalidly married were forbidden from acting as witnesses, ushers, or bridesmaids at Catholic weddings. All Catholics were forbidden to act as witnesses, ushers or bridesmaids at non-Catholic weddings.[25][26]
McVinney founded the Sisters of Our Lady of Providence in 1955 and the Brothers of Our Lady of Providence in 1959.
1960 to 1990
Following the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council, McVinney created a diocesan liturgical commission in 1964 and one of the first diocesan ecumenical commissions in 1965.[27] He also established the Catholic Inner City Apostolate in 1966 and the diocesan human relations commission in 1967.[27]
During the 1970 U.S. Senate election, McVinney chastised John McLaughlin, then a Jesuit priest working in Providence, for running for the United States Senate without McVinney's permission. McVinney said that McLaughlin's candidacy "has caused a great deal of confusion and misunderstanding in this state."[28] McLaughlin responded that he did not need McVinney's permission to run for office. McLaughlin also noted that McVinney and his opponent, Senator John O. Pastore, were "lifelong friends."[28]
After McVinney died in 1971, Pope Paul VI named Louis Edward Gelineau from the Diocese of Burlington as the sixth bishop of Providence.[29] In 1985, Gélineau registered opposition to an ordinance for the City of Providence to protect LGBTQ+ people from discrimination in employment, housing, credit and access to public accommodations. He said,
"Homosexual acts are contrary to God's command and contrary to his purpose in creating sex. To give support to this proposed legislation may easily be interpreted as supporting the homosexual lifestyle."[30]
In 1988, Gélineau declared that removing a feeding tube from 48-year-old Marcia Gray, a comatose Rhode Island woman, "does not contradict Catholic moral theology," but emphasized that he "in no way supports or condones the practice of euthanasia."[31]
1990 to present
Pope John Paul II appointed Bishop Robert Edward Mulvee from the Diocese of Wilmington as coadjutor bishop of Providence in 1995. After Gélineau retired in 1997, Mulvee automatically succeeded him as bishop.[32] Mulvee retired in 2005.
Established in 1875, the Rhode Island Catholic is the official newspaper of the Diocese of Providence. It is published weekly with 48 issues per year.[43]
Reports of sex abuse
The Diocese of Providence reached a $13.2 million settlement in 2002 with 36 victims of sexual abuse by its clergy.[44]
In 2003, Christopher Young sued the diocese, claiming that he had been sexually abused as a minor by John Petrocelli, former assistant pastor at Holy Family Parish in Woonsocket. Petrocelli was removed from ministry in 2002. The diocese won the case in lower court, citing the free exercise and establishment clauses of the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which prohibited judges interfere with the practise of religion. However, the lower court ruling was overturned on appeal, with the judge ruling that the diocese's failure to supervise a pedophile priest had nothing to do with religion.[45] Petrocelli was charged in November 2020 with three counts of first-degree child molestation and nine counts of second-degree child molestation. He was accused of sexually assaulting three boys under age 14 between 1991 and 1990.[46]
The diocese in 2007 released a revised list of 125 priests accused of sexual assault or sexual misconduct between 1971 and 2007. Of that total, 95 were accused of child molestation or sexual assault of a minor.[47]
In July 2019, the diocese released a list of 50 clerics, religious order priests and deacons with credible accusations of sexual abuse.[48] Many individuals on the list had been removed from ministry between 1971 and 2016; some were removed after they left the diocese.[49][48] One accused priest resigned in 1979 before he could be removed.
In 2013, Jeffrey Thomas and Helen McGonigle accused Brendan Smyth of raping them as children at Our Lady of Mercy Church in East Greenwich between 1965 and 1968. The two victims urged the diocese to investigate their claims.[50] Facing other accusations in the United States, Smyth soon fled to his native Ireland. After abusing children in Ireland and Northern Ireland, he was sent to prison in 1994.
John Tormey, a former priest from East Providence, sued the diocese for defamation in December 2019 after his name appeared on a diocesan list of priests with credible accusations of sexual abuse. Tormey, who left the priesthood to get married in 1979, denied the allegation and said he only heard about it in May 2019.[51]
Arms
Coat of arms of Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence
Notes
Arms was designed and adopted when the diocese was erected
Adopted
1872
Escutcheon
The arms of the diocese are composed of three silver (white) moline crosses on a blue field.
Symbolism
The three moline crosses put together represent an anchor, the symbol of the State of Rhode Island. The Diocese of Providence serves the entire state. Having three crosses represents the Holy Trinity. The blue and white colors in the coat of arms symbolize two things; the importance of water to Rhode Island and Mary, mother of Jesus, who as Our Lady of Providence, is Patroness of the diocese.
The Diocese of Wilmington is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory – or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the eastern United States. The diocese comprises the entire state of Delaware and the Eastern Shore Region of Maryland.
The Diocese of Burlington is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church for Vermont in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Boston.
The Diocese of Bridgeport is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the southwestern part of the state of Connecticut in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Hartford.
Thomas Francis Hendricken was an Irish-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1872 until his death in 1886.
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hartford is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Connecticut in the United States. It is a metropolitan see.
The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Cathedral Square neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is the mother church of the Diocese of Providence. The Neo-Romanesque church was designed in 1873 by Patrick Keely and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Francis Patrick Keough was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1934 to 1947 and as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Maryland from 1947 until his death.
William Stang was a German-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Fall River in Massachusetts from 1904 until his death in 1907.
Salvatore Ronald Matano is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as bishop of the Diocese of Rochester in Upstate New York since 2013. Matano previously served as Bishop of Burlington in Vermont from 2005 to 2013.
Robert Joseph McManus is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been bishop of the Diocese of Worcester in Massachusetts since 2004. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1999 to 2004.
Russell Joseph McVinney was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1948 until his death in 1971.
William Augustine Hickey was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1921 until his death in 1933.
Louis Edward Gélineau was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as bishop of the Diocese of Providence from 1972 to 1997.
Robert Edward Mulvee was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
Michael Tierney was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Hartford, Connecticut, from 1894 until his death in 1908.
Matthew A. Harkins was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the second bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1887 until his death in 1921.
Kenneth Anthony Angell was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Burlington from 1992 to 2005. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Providence from 1974 to 1992.
Daniel Patrick Reilly was an American Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Norwich from 1975 to 1994 and as Bishop of Worcester from 1994 to 2004.
Robert Charles Evans is an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 2009 to 2022.
Thomas Francis Doran was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic church who served as an auxiliary bishop for the Diocese of Providence in Rhode Island from 1915 to 1916.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Diocese of Providence". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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