Russula cremoricolor

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Russula cremoricolor
Winter Russula imported from iNaturalist photo 31533355 on 3 March 2024.jpg
Russula cremoricolor, San Mateo County, California, 2019
Russula cremoricolor Earle 860813.jpg
Pink morph, Shasta National Forest, 2018
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Russula
Species:
R. cremoricolor
Binomial name
Russula cremoricolor
Earle (1902)
Russula cremoricolor
Information icon.svg
Convex cap icon.svgDepressed cap icon.svg Cap is convex or depressed
Adnexed gills icon2.svgAdnate gills icon2.svg Hymenium is adnexed or adnate
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Mycomorphbox Poison.pngEdibility is poisonous

Russula cremoricolor, also known as the winter russula, is a species of gilled mushroom. [1] This mushroom has red, cream-yellow, and pink color variants, which complicates attempts at field identification, [2] [3] although finding "red and creamy capped fruitbodies in close proximity is a good clue indicating this species". [4] The winter russula is "mildly toxic," [4] and causes intestinal distress even when consumed in small amounts. [2] The red morph was previously identified as Russula silvicola , [2] [3] but was found to be genetically identical to the cream-colored individuals called R. cremoricolor. [4] The red morph is superficially similar to Russula californiensis but R. cremicolor has a much sharper, peppier taste, likes to associate with mixed forest or tanoak rather than pine, and keeps its gills and stipe white even in age. [4]

See also

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<i>Hypomyces lactifluorum</i> Species of edible parasitic fungus

Hypomyces lactifluorum, or the lobster mushroom, is a parasitic ascomycete fungus that grows on certain species of mushrooms, turning them a reddish orange color that resembles the outer shell of a cooked lobster. Contrary to its common name, the species itself is neither a mushroom nor a crustacean.

<i>Russula</i> Genus of fungi

Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.

<i>Russula emetica</i> Species of fungus in the family Russulaceae with a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere

Russula emetica, commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus Russula. It has a red, convex to flat cap up to 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in diameter, with a cuticle that can be peeled off almost to the centre. The gills are white to pale cream, and closely spaced. A smooth white stem measures up to 10.5 cm (4.1 in) long and 2.4 cm (0.9 in) thick. First described in 1774, the mushroom has a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, where it grows on the ground in damp woodlands in a mycorrhizal association with conifers, especially pine.

<i>Russula xerampelina</i> Species of fungus

Russula xerampelina, also commonly known as the shrimp russula, crab brittlegill, or shrimp mushroom, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the brittlegill genus Russula. Two subspecies are recognised. The fruiting bodies appear in coniferous woodlands in autumn in northern Europe and North America. Their caps are coloured various shades of wine-red, purple to green. Mild tasting and edible, it is one of the most highly regarded brittlegills for the table. It is also notable for smelling of shellfish or crab when fresh.

<i>Russula cyanoxantha</i> Species of fungus

Russula cyanoxantha, commonly known as the charcoal burner or variegated russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, distinguished from most other members of the genus Russula by the fact that its gills do not split, but are soft and flexible. It is one of the most common species of Russula in Europe.

<i>Russula amethystina</i> Species of fungus

Russula amethystina is a conspicuous mushroom, which appears sporadically from mid-summer until the autumn under spruce and fir trees. In Northern Europe, it is very rare. It is not easy to distinguish from similarly coloured Russula species, and practically identical to Russula turci.

<i>Collybia personata</i> Species of fungus

Collybia personata is a species of edible fungus commonly found growing in grassy areas across Europe and is morphologically related to the wood blewit Collybia nuda. This mushroom was moved to the genus Collybia in 2023.

<i>Russula claroflava</i> Species of fungus

Russula claroflava, commonly known as the yellow russula, yellow swamp russula or yellow swamp brittlegill, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula. It is found in wet places under birch and aspen woodlands across Europe and North America. It has a yellow cap, white gills and stipe and bruises grey. It is mild-tasting and regarded as good to eat.

<i>Russula adusta</i> Species of fungus

Russula adusta, commonly known as the blackening brittlegill or blackening russula, is a species of gilled mushroom. It is found in woodlands of Europe and North America. Russula adusta is a member of the Russula subgenus Compactae. The cap is brown to gray and somewhat shiny, with a mild taste and, reportedly, an odor of empty wine barrels. It has a propensity to turn black from cutting or bruising and has white spores. It can be found growing with conifers. Similar species include Russula albonigra and R. densifolia.

<i>Russula sanguinaria</i> Species of fungus

Russula sanguinaria, commonly known as the bloody brittlegill or rosey russula, is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus Russula, which has the common name of brittlegills. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with coniferous trees. It was previously widely known as Russula sanguinea.

<i>Russula brevipes</i> Species of fungus

Russula brevipes is a species of mushroom commonly known as the short-stemmed russula or the stubby brittlegill. It is widespread in North America, and was reported from Pakistan in 2006. The fruit bodies are white and large, with convex to funnel-shaped caps measuring 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide set atop a thick stipe up to 8 cm (3 in) long. The gills on the cap underside are closely spaced and sometimes have a faint bluish tint. Spores are roughly spherical, and have a network-like surface dotted with warts.

<i>Russula aeruginea</i> Species of fungus

Russula aeruginea, also known as the grass-green russula, the tacky green russula, or the green russula, is an edible Russula mushroom. Widely distributed in northern temperate regions, it is usually found under birch, mostly in pine forests. The very poisonous death cap can have a similar appearance, especially from above.

<i>Russula olivacea</i> Species of fungus

Russula olivacea is an edible and non-poisonous Russula mushroom found mostly in groups from June in deciduous and coniferous forests, mainly under spruce and beech; not rare.

<i>Clitocybe tarda</i> Species of fungus

Clitocybe tarda is a species of mushroom. It has a brownish pink cap with a smooth surface, the flesh is thin and brittle, and the cap tastes bitter. The stalk is slender and smooth. The spore print is pinkish gray. It is unknown if the species is edible, but it does not have a pleasant taste.

<i>Russula raoultii</i> Species of fungus

Russula raoultii is an inedible species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It was first described by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1886.

<i>Russula densifolia</i> Species of agaric fungus

Russula densifolia, commonly known as the crowded russula or the reddening russula, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It was first described in 1833 and given its current name in 1876. A widespread species, it is found in Asia, Europe, and North America, where it fruits on the ground in mixed and deciduous forests. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) are robust and squat, with caps up to 14.5 cm (5.7 in) in diameter, and stems that are 2–7.5 cm (0.8–3.0 in) long by 1.2–2.5 cm (0.5–1.0 in) thick. The mushrooms are characterized by the red and then black color changes that occur in the flesh when it is bruised, and a relatively thick cap cuticle. Although the mushroom is sold as an edible species in some areas of Asia, it is mild to moderately toxic, and may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated and identified from the mushroom.

<i>Hygrophorus russula</i> Species of fungus

Hygrophorus russula, commonly known as the pinkmottle woodwax, false russula, or russula-like waxy cap, is a fungus native to North America and Europe.

<i>Collybia brunneocephala</i> Species of fungus

Collybia brunneocephala, also known as the brown blewit or brownit, is a species of gilled mushroom. Previously designated Clitocybe brunneocephala, the brownit and its lavender-colored cousin the wood blewit were reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.

<i>Russula californiensis</i> Species of fungus

Russula californiensis is a species of gilled mushroom. It is endemic to California in North America. First described by Gertrude Simmons Burlingham in 1936, R. californiensis is usually found in fall and winter in association with Monterey pine and bishop pine. The cap is semi-viscid when wet, and coral to brown in color, with creamy splotches possibly developing as it ages. The stipe stains gray or black. Similar-looking mushrooms with potential geographical overlap include Russula sanguinaria and Russula queletii.

References

  1. "Winter Russula (Russula cremoricolor)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  2. 1 2 3 Davis; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. California Natural History Guides Vol. 106. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 107–108. doi:10.1525/9780520953604. ISBN   9780520953604. JSTOR   10.1525/j.ctt1pn688. LCCN   2011037103. OCLC   797915861. S2CID   132384894.
  3. 1 2 Desjardin, Dennis E.; Wood, Michael G.; Stevens, Frederick A. (6 June 2016). California Mushrooms: The Comprehensive Identification Guide. Timber Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN   978-1-60469-660-8. LCCN   2014000925. OCLC   951644583.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the Redwood Coast: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fungi of Coastal Northern California. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. p. 229. ISBN   9781607748182. LCCN   2015027853. OCLC   956478776.