| Ryuthela tanikawai | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Suborder: | Mesothelae |
| Family: | Heptathelidae |
| Genus: | Ryuthela |
| Species: | R. tanikawai |
| Binomial name | |
| Ryuthela tanikawai Ono, 1997 [1] | |
Ryuthela tanikawai is a species of spider in the family Liphistiidae. [1]
The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders. As of April 2024, two extant families were accepted by the World Spider Catalog, Liphistiidae and Heptathelidae. Alternatively, the Heptathelidae can be treated as a subfamily of a more broadly circumscribed Liphistiidae. There are also a number of extinct families.
The spider family Liphistiidae was first recognized by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. When narrowly circumscribed, it comprises a single genus Liphistius, native to Southeast Asia; as of April 2024, this was the circumscription accepted by the World Spider Catalog. The family contains the most basal living spiders, belonging to the suborder Mesothelae. The family has also been circumscribed more broadly to include the family Heptathelidae as a subfamily, Heptathelinae, with the narrowly circumscribed Liphistiidae becoming the subfamily Liphistiinae.
Ctenizidae is a small family of mygalomorph spiders that construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation, and silk. They may be called trapdoor spiders, as are other, similar species, such as those of the families Liphistiidae, Barychelidae, and Cyrtaucheniidae, and some species in the Idiopidae and Nemesiidae. The name comes from the distinctive behavior of the spiders to construct trapdoors, and ambush prey from beneath them.
Heptathela is a genus of spiders that includes the Kimura spider. They are trapdoor spiders of the family Heptathelidae and are found in Japan, including Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands. Spiders of this genus lack venom glands.
Asemonea is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1869.
Hylyphantes is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884. It is distinct from related genera by a pair of spiral copulatory ducts in the female, which are matched by a turbinated embolus in the male. Both sexes are similar in appearance; the male has no modifications.
Spiders are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. As of November 2023, 51,673 spider species in 136 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900.
Ryuthela is a spider genus in the family Heptathelidae. This genus, as well as their closest relatives, Heptathela, formed when land masses from present-day Japan separated from the rest of Asia, forming islands in the late Miocene. Speciation of Ryuthela and Heptathela also occurred during this time, because of the further separation of islands, causing allopatric speciation.
Ryuthela nishihirai is a species of spider in the family Liphistiidae. They thrive on the Japanese islands of Okinawa.
Qiongthela is a genus of spiders in the family Heptathelidae. As of 2021, it contains 14 species.
Sinothela is a possible genus of spiders in the family Heptathelidae. It was first described in 2003 by Haupt. The type species Heptathela sinensis had been described in 1932 based on a female specimen, but was transferred to the new genus Sinothela based on a male specimen that cannot be confidently matched to the female, so both Sinothela sinensis and Sinothela are considered to be nomina dubia.
Okileucauge is a genus of East Asian long-jawed orb-weavers that was first described by A. Tanikawa in 2001.
Leptopholcus is a genus of cellar spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893.
Entelecara is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884.
Asemonea tanikawai is a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that is endemic to Japan. It lives in trees in mountain ranges. The spider was first described in 1996 by Hiroyoshi Ikeda. The spider is small, with a carapace [prosoma that between 1.31 and 1.60 mm long and an abdomen is between 1.84 and 2.24 mm long. It is whitish-yellow with a pattern of two brown stripes down the back of the carapace and nine black dots on the back of the abdomen. The male has a distinctive pedipalp with a complex tibial apophysis and a furrow alongside the femoral apophysis, which distinguishes it from the otherwise similar Asemonea maculata and Asemonea pinangensis. The female is also similar, with its copulatory openings hidden in its epigyne. The spider has been found throughout Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands.
Asemonea pinangensis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that is endemic to Malaysia. The spider was first defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless. It is a small spider, with a carapace that is typically 1.16 mm (0.046 in) long and an abdomen typically 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. The carapace is whitish-yellow with black markings and the abdomen black with whitish-yellow markings. The coloration, as well as the lip on its dorsal tibial apophysis, help distinguish the species from the otherwise similar Asemonea maculata, Asemonea minuta and Asemonea tanikawai. The female has not been described.
Asemonea maculata is a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that is endemic to Ivory Coast. The spider was first defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless. It is a small spider, with a carapace that is between 2.08 and 2.10 mm long and an abdomen typically 2.4 mm long. The carapace is amber to whitish-yellow and the abdomen whitish-yellow, both with black markings. It is similar to the related species Asemonea pinangensis and Asemonea tanikawai, but can be distinguished by the tibia on the male pedipalp. The female has not been described.
Heptathelidae is a family of spiders. It has been sunk within the family Liphistiidae as the subfamily Heptathelinae, but as of April 2024 was accepted by the World Spider Catalog. It is placed in suborder Mesothelae, which contains the most basal living spiders.