CAVIN2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | CAVIN2 , PS-p68, SDR, cavin-2, SDPR, serum deprivation response, caveolae associated protein 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 606728 MGI: 99513 HomoloGene: 3422 GeneCards: CAVIN2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cavin-2 or Serum deprivation-response protein (SDPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDPR gene. [5] [6] [7] Cavin-2 is highly expressed in a variety of human endothelial cells. [8]
This gene has a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein has also been shown to be a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation. [7]
Cavin-2 is required for blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in humans and zebrafish and required also for the endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion in humans. [8] Cavin-2 plays an important role in endothelial cell maintenance by regulating eNOS activity. [8] Cavin-2 controls the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in human endothelial cells by controlling the activity and stability of the protein endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). [8]
Cavin-2 is highly secreted from human endothelial cells (HUVEC), they are secreted through endothelial microparticles (EMPs) but not exosomes and is required for EMP biogenesis. [8]
SDPR is shown to act as a metastasis suppressor by xenograft studies utilizing breast cancer cell lines. [9] SDPR may elicit its metastasis suppressor function by directly interacting with ERK and limiting its pro-survival role. [9] Moreover, it is suggested that SDPR is silenced during breast cancer progression by promoter DNA methylation. [9] Metastasis suppressor role of SDPR may go beyond breast cancer since tumor samples from bladder, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers as well as sarcomas also exhibited loss of SDPR expression. [9]
P-selectin is a type-1 transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SELP gene.
E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an important part in inflammation. In humans, E-selectin is encoded by the SELE gene.
Thrombospondin 1, abbreviated as THBS1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THBS1 gene.
Enolase 1 (ENO1), more commonly known as alpha-enolase, is a glycolytic enzyme expressed in most tissues, one of the isozymes of enolase. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase, in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy.
SHC-transforming protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHC1 gene. SHC has been found to be important in the regulation of apoptosis and drug resistance in mammalian cells.
ROCK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase also known as rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1. Other common names are ROKβ and P160ROCK. ROCK1 is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA and is a regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton which promotes contractile force generation. ROCK1 plays a role in cancer and in particular cell motility, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
Protein S100-A4 (S100A4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A4 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 1, also known as GPx1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX1 gene on chromosome 3. This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans.
ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4), also known as polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3), is a member of the PEA3 subfamily of Ets transcription factors.
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAI1 gene. It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors.
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ID1 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 124 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR124 gene. It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors. Family members are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of protein domains coupled to a TM7 domain via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.
Forkhead box protein O4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXO4 gene.
C-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF) is a vascular endothelial growth factor that in humans is encoded by the FIGF gene.
Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also known as RHAMM (Receptor for Hyaluronan Mediated Motility) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HMMR gene. RHAMM recently has been also designated CD168 (cluster of differentiation 168).
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGDIB gene. Aliases of this gene include RhoGDI2, GDID4, Rho GDI 2, and others.
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDI2 gene.
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRMS1 gene.
Developmentally-regulated GTP-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRG1 gene.
"Basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41", or BHLHE41, is a gene that encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor repressor protein in various tissues of both humans and mice. It is also known as DEC2, hDEC2, and SHARP1, and was previously known as "basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B, 3", or BHLHB3. BHLHE41 is known for its role in the circadian molecular mechanisms that influence sleep quantity as well as its role in immune function and the maturation of T helper type 2 cell lineages associated with humoral immunity.