SV2A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | SV2A , SV2, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 185860; MGI: 1927139; HomoloGene: 32237; GeneCards: SV2A; OMA:SV2A - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a transmembrane protein belonging to a family of keratan sulfate proteoglycans, located on the synaptic vesicles of mammalian neuronal and endocrine cells. It's encoded by the SV2A gene. [5] [6] [7]
SV2A is the most widely expressed isoform of the SV2 family (which also includes the SV2B and SV2C proteins) found in all brain regions. [8] The role of the SV2 proteins is not well understood, however they are thought to be involved in regulating vesicular processes. [8]
The SV2A protein is a target of the anti-epileptic drugs (anticonvulsants) levetiracetam and brivaracetam [9] but it is not clear how these drug affect SV2A activity. [10]
SV2A is differentially expressed in both inhibitory GABA ergic and excitatory glutamatergic terminals [11] however it is not expressed in all synapses [12] as was previously thought. [13] There is a slightly stronger colocalisation between SV2A and GABA than glutamate [14] and the association differs across brain regions and changes with developmental stages. [15]
Several PET radiotracers targeting SV2A have been developed, allowing for measuring SV2A density in-vivo: [11C]LEV, [11C]UCB-A, [11C]-UCB-H, [18F]UCB-J, [18F]Syn-VesT-1, [18F]Syn-VesT-2, and [18F]SDM-16. SV2A density has been used as a proxy for measuring in vivo synaptic density. [16] [17] [18] [19]
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Seletracetam is a pyrrolidone-derived drug of the racetam family that is structurally related to levetiracetam. It was under development by UCB Pharmaceuticals as a more potent and effective anticonvulsant drug to replace levetiracetam but its development has been halted.
Brivaracetam, sold under the brand name Briviact among others, is a chemical analog of levetiracetam, a racetam derivative with anticonvulsant (antiepileptic) properties. It has been approved since 2016. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company UCB. It is used to treat partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation, in combination with other antiepileptic drugs.
Exocyst complex component 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXOC4 gene.
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Synaptotagmin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT3 gene.
Zinc finger protein 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF43 gene.
Beta-taxilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXLNB gene.
Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP130 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SAP130 gene.
Histone deacetylase 11 is a 39kDa histone deacetylase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC11 gene on chromosome 3 in humans and chromosome 6 in mice.
Stannin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNN gene.
Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASCC3 gene.
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Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX43 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX43 gene.
Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCAMP5 gene.
Vesicle transport protein GOT1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLT1B gene.
Zinc finger protein 471 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF471 gene.
Opalin is a protein that is encoded in humans by the OPALIN gene.
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