Salisediminibacterium halotolerans

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Salisediminibacterium halotolerans
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Bacillales
Family:
Bacillaceae
Genus:
Salisediminibacterium
Species:
S. halotolerans
Binomial name
Salisediminibacterium halotolerans
Jiang et al. 2012 [1]
Type strain
CGMCC 1.7654, NBRC 104935, strain halo-2 [2]

Salisediminibacterium halotolerans is a gram-positive, alkalitolerant, and halophilic bacterium from the family Bacillaceae and genus of Salisediminibacterium, which was one of three bacterial strains, and the only novel species, isolated from sediments from the Xiarinaoer soda lake in Mongolia in 2012. [3]

Contents

History

Salisediminibacterium halotolerans (strain halo-2T) was one of three bacterial strains extracted from sediment of the Xiarinaoer soda lake located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The other strains include Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus and Salsuginibacillus halophilus, which are two novel strains of halophilic bacterial species that had already been discovered. At the time the sediment samples were collected from the lake, the sediment was −1 °C, had a pH of 9.91, and the salinity of the overlying water was 84 g l−1. [3]

Strain halo-2T appeared to most closely relate to two unidentified isolates from Soda lakes in Kenya through phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Low levels of 16S rRNA sequence similarity with established species indicated that the strain halo-2T belonged to a novel taxonomic group, Salisedminibacterium halotolerans. [4]

In 2015, a novel strain belonging to the genus Salisediminibacterium was discovered in the Lonar soda lake in India. This strain is called Salisediminibacterium haloalkalitolerans, and is 99.9% related to Salisediminibacterium halotolerans (strain CGMCC). [4]

Characteristics

The Salisedminibacterium genus is characterized by rod-shaped cells inhabiting salt sediments. These bacteria are Gram-reaction-positive and are facultative anaerobes. Initially thought to be non-spore forming and non-motile, the genus is variably motile and may or may not form spores. [4] The species halotolerans means that the strain halo-2T can withstand high salt concentrations. It can grow in a pH ranging from 5.0 to 10.0, but the optimal pH is 8–9. [4] It can grow within a temperature range of 17 - 50 °C, but the optimal temperature is 37 °C. [3]

Composition

The fatty acids of the genus Salisediminibacterium mostly consist of anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains the diagnostic diamino acid meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The polar lipids include four phospholipids (PL1, 3, 5 and 6) including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminophospholipid (APL1). [4]

Strain halo-2T does not contain the catalase, oxidase, urease, or nitrate reductase enzymes, but does contain enzymes to hydrolyze starch. Its cell wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7, the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile of strain halo-2T consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The strain produces a water-insoluble orange pigment, with a major peak at 459 nm, and has a genomic DNA G+C content of 48.2 mol%. [3]

Related Research Articles

Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer. Peptidoglycan serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. Peptidoglycan is also involved in binary fission during bacterial cell reproduction.

Marinobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water. They are also found in a variety of salt lakes. A number of strains and species can degrade hydrocarbons. The species involved in hydrocarbon degradation include M. alkaliphilus, M. arcticus, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus, M. maritimus & M. squalenivorans.

Amphibacillus xylanus is a gram-positive-spore forming bacterium with cells 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm in diameter and 0.9 μm to 1.9 μm in length. A. xylanus is a facultative anaerobic organism which can grow in several different environments. Its success in a multitude of environments stems from multiple metabolic pathways, each with high ATP yields. It is flagellated and motile. It grows best at pH 8.0-10.0 but not at pH 7.0. It is catalase and oxidase negative. This helps to explain better the unique method of metabolism on which the organism relies.

Paenibacillus tylopili is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. Described as new to science in 2008, it was found in the mycorhizosphere of the bolete fungus Tylopilus felleus.

Haloferax larsenii is a gram-negative, aerobic, neutrophilic, extremely halophilic archaeon. It was named in honor of Professor Helge Larsen, who pioneered research on halophiles.

Marinobacter segnicrescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, ellipsoid-shaped, moderately halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.

Isoptericola halotolerans is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from soil from the Qinghai Province in China.

Marininema halotolerans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Marininema which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Little Andaman Island from the Indian Ocean.

Pelagibacterium halotolerans is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Pelagibacterium which has been isolated from sea water from the East China Sea in China.

Methylophaga muralis is a species of Proteobacteria. It is capable of surviving in saline and alkaline environments and can obtain its carbon from methanol. This species was originally discovered in crumbling marble in the Moscow Kremlin; it has also been found in a soda lake in Buryatia.

Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus is a non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nitriliruptor which has been isolated from sediments from a soda lake in Siberia in Russia.

Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, moderately alkaliphilic, halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Halolactibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from the Xiarinaoer soda lake from the Mongolia.

Salisediminibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. The type species is Salisediminibacterium halotolerans.

Salisediminibacterium haloalkalitolerans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Salisediminibacterium which has been isolated from the Lonar crater lake in India.

Salisediminibacterium locisalis is a Gram-positive moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic, and motile bacterium from the genus of Salisediminibacterium.

Salsuginibacillus halophilus is a Gram-positive, halophilic, alkalitolerant, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Salsuginibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from the Xiarinaoer soda lake in Mongolia.

Salsuginibacillus kocurii is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Salsuginibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from Lake Chagannor in Mongolia.

Paenarthrobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae.

<i>Arthrobacter bussei</i> Species of bacterium

Arthrobacter bussei is a pink-coloured, aerobic, coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive bacterium isolated from cheese made of cow´s milk. A. bussei is non-motile and does not form spores. Rod–coccus life cycle is not observed. Cells are 1.1–1.5 µm in diameter. On trypticase soy agar it forms pink-coloured, raised and round colonies, which are 1.0 mm in diameter after 5 days at 30 °C The genome of the strain A. bussei KR32T has been fully sequenced.

Oceanihabitans is a genus of marine bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae. It contains a single species, O. sediminis. It is aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile by gliding. O. sediminis produces flexirubin pigments. It is positive for cytochrome c oxidase and catalase. O. sediminis can use glucose, mannose, maltose and adipic acid as sole carbon sources for chemoheterotrophic growth. It is a chemoorganotroph and is chemotaxonomically characterized by the presence of menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The type strain is S9-10T.

References

  1. ↑ Parte, A.C. "Salisediminibacterium". LPSN .
  2. ↑ "Salisediminibacterium halotolerans". www.uniprot.org.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Jiang, Feng; Cao, Shu-Juan; Li, Zhao-Hu; Fan, Hua; Li, Hai-Feng; Liu, Wei-Jie; Yuan, Hong-Li (September 2012). "Salisediminibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium from soda lake sediment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 9): 2127–2132. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.034488-0. ISSN   1466-5034. PMID   22039006.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Sultanpuram, Vishnuvardhan Reddy; Mothe, Thirumala; Mohammed, Farooq (2015-05-01). "Salisediminibacterium haloalkalitolerans sp. nov., isolated from Lonar soda lake, India, and a proposal for reclassification of Bacillus locisalis as Salisediminibacterium locisalis comb. nov., and the emended description of the genus Salisediminibacterium and of the species Salisediminibacterium halotolerans". Archives of Microbiology. 197 (4): 553–560. doi:10.1007/s00203-015-1081-8. ISSN   1432-072X. PMID   25638045. S2CID   16200597.


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