Salome Zurabishvili

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Salome Zurabishvili
სალომე ზურაბიშვილი
SalomeZourabichvili.JPG
President of Georgia
Assumed office
16 December 2018
Prime Minister Mamuka Bakhtadze
Preceded by Giorgi Margvelashvili
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
20 March 2004 –18 October 2005
President Mikheil Saakashvili
Preceded by Tedo Japaridze
Succeeded by Gela Bezhuashvili
Personal details
Born (1952-03-18) 18 March 1952 (age 66)
Paris, France
Political party Way of Georgia (2006–2011) [1]
Independent (2011–present)
Spouse(s)Nicolas Gorjestani (Divorced)
Janri Kashia (1993–d.2012)
Children2
Residence Tbilisi, Georgia
Education Sciences Po
Columbia University
Signature Salome Zurabishvili-signature.svg

Salome Zurabishvili (Georgian :სალომე ზურაბიშვილი, French : Salomé Zourabichvili; born 18 March 1952) is a Georgian politician and former French diplomat who currently serves as the President of Georgia, in office since December 2018. She is the first woman to be elected as Georgia's president in permanent capacity [2] and will occupy this position for a term of six years. As a result of constitutional changes coming into effect in 2024, Zurabishvili is expected to be Georgia's last popularly elected president; all future heads of state are to be elected indirectly by an electoral college.

Georgian language official language of Georgia

Georgian is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians. It is the official language of Georgia.

French language Romance language

French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Germanic Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French.

Georgia (country) Country in the Caucasus region

Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres (26,911 sq mi), and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million. Georgia is a unitary semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy.

Contents

Zurabishvili was born in Paris into a family of Georgian émigrés. She joined the French diplomatic service in the 1970s and went on to occupy a variety of senior diplomatic positions for three decades. From 2003 to 2004, she served as the Ambassador of France to Georgia. In 2004, by mutual agreement between France and Georgia, she accepted the Georgian nationality and became the Foreign Minister of Georgia. During her tenure at the Georgian MFA, she negotiated a treaty that led to the withdrawal of Russian forces from the undisputed parts of the Georgian mainland. She has also served at the UN Security Council’s Iran Sanctions Committee as the Coordinator of the Panel of Experts.

Paris Capital of France

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres and an official estimated population of 2,140,526 residents as of 1 January 2019. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

United Nations Security Council one of the six principal organs of the UN, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946.

After a falling out with Georgia's then President Mikheil Saakashvili, in 2006 Zurabishvili founded The Way of Georgia political party, which she led until 2010. Ultimately, she was elected to the Georgian Parliament in 2016 as an independent; she vacated her parliamentary seat after being sworn in as President. During the 2018 Georgian presidential election, Zurabishvili ran as an independent candidate and was supported by the governing Georgian Dream party. She prevailed in a run-off vote against Grigol Vashadze.

Mikheil Saakashvili Georgian-Ukrainian politician, President of Georgia and Governor of Odessa

Mikheil Saakashvili is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician. He was the third President of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the Governor of Ukraine's Odessa Oblast. He is the founder and former chairman of the United National Movement party.

The Way of Georgia political party

The Way of Georgia is a political party in Georgia. It was registered on March 11, 2006. The party is led by the former Georgian Foreign Minister Salome Zourabichvili. The Party leans towards some form of liberalism.

Parliament of Georgia parliament

The Parliament of Georgia the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members; of these, 77 are proportional representatives and 73 are elected through single-member district plurality system, representing their constituencies. According to the 2017 constitutional amendments, the Parliament will transfer to fully proportional representation in 2024.

Early life and education

Zurabishvili was born in Paris into a family of Georgian political emigrants. Her father, Levan (1906–1975), was an engineer and served as a chairman of the Georgian Diaspora in Paris. He was the grandson of Niko Nikoladze, a prominent Georgian social democrat from the late nineteenth century, and a member of meore dasi, a collection of Georgian liberal intelligentsia. [3] Her mother, Zeinab Kedia (1921–2016), was related by marriage to Noe Ramishvili, the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. [4] Zurabishvili has one brother, Otar. [4] She attended some of the most prestigious French schools, such as Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), and began a master's program at Columbia University in New York in the academic year of 1972–1973, taking courses with Zbigniew Brzezinski.[ citation needed ]

Niko Nikoladze Georgian writer

Niko Nikoladze was a notable Georgian writer, pro-Western enlightener, and public figure primarily known for his contributions to the development of Georgian liberal journalism and his involvement in various economic and social projects of that time.

The intelligentsia is a status class of educated people engaged in the complex mental labours that critique, guide, and lead in shaping the culture and politics of their society. As a status class, the intelligentsia includes artists, teachers and academics, writers, journalists, and the literary hommes de lettres.

Noe Ramishvili Georgian politician

Noe Besarionis dze Ramishvili was a Georgian politician and the president of the first government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. He was one of the leaders of the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He was also known by his party noms de guerre: Pyotr, and Semyonov N.

Career

Salome Zurabishvili in June 2004. Salome Zourabichvili.jpg
Salome Zurabishvili in June 2004.

Career in diplomacy

Zurabishvili abandoned her studies and joined the French foreign service in 1974, becoming a career diplomat with postings to Rome, the United Nations, Brussels, Washington, etc. The first time Zurabishvili visited Georgia was in 1986 during a break from her job at the French Embassy in Washington.

Brussels Capital region of Belgium

Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region. Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita. It covers 161 km2 (62 sq mi), a relatively small area compared to the two other regions, and has a population of 1.2 million. The metropolitan area of Brussels counts over 2.1 million people, which makes it the largest in Belgium. It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent, Antwerp, Leuven and Walloon Brabant, home to over 5 million people.

Washington, D.C. Capital of the United States

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States. Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country, Washington was named after George Washington, first President of the United States and Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. The city is also one of the most visited cities in the world, with more than 20 million tourists annually.

Diplomatic mission group of people from one state present in another state to represent the sending state


A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from one state or an organisation present in another state to represent the sending state/organisation officially in the receiving state. In practice, a diplomatic mission usually denotes the resident mission, namely the embassy, which is the main office of a country's diplomatic representatives to another country, usually but not necessarily the receiving state's capital city. Consulates, on the other hand, are smaller diplomatic missions which are normally located outside the capital of the receiving state. As well as being a diplomatic mission to the country in which it is situated, it may also be a non-resident permanent mission to one or more other countries. There are thus resident and non-resident embassies.

Salome Zurabishvili was Head of the Division of International and Strategic Issues of National Defence General Secretariat of France in 2001–2003. [5] She was appointed the Ambassador of France to Georgia in 2003.

Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2004–2005

Zurabishvili with U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell in 2004 Zourabichvili - Powell2.jpg
Zurabishvili with U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell in 2004

President Mikhail Saakashvili of Georgia nominated her as Minister of Foreign Affairs in his new government. Zurabishvili became the first woman to be appointed to this post in Georgia on 18 March 2004. [6]

Zurabishvili was the Coordinator of the Panel of Experts assisting the UN Security Council’s Iran Sanctions Committee. [7]

As foreign minister of Georgia, Zurabishvili was the main negotiator of the agreement for the withdrawal of Russian military bases from the territory of Georgia, which was signed with Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov on 19 May 2005. [8] During her tenure as Foreign Minister, the "New Group of Friends of Georgia" was created, bringing together Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Poland to help Georgia's aspirations towards NATO and foster European integration.

Zurabishvili was sacked by Prime Minister Zurab Nogaideli late on 19 October 2005 after a series of disputes with members of Parliament. [9] She had also been heavily criticized by a number of Georgian ambassadors. Shortly before her dismissal was announced, Zurabishvili resigned from the French foreign service, which had continued to pay her a salary while she was minister, and announced that she would remain in Georgia to go into politics.

Political career

Zurabishvili with opposition leader Goga Khaindrava in 2009 Goga Khaindrava and Salome Zurabishvili in front od parliament building. April 11, 2009.jpg
Zurabishvili with opposition leader Goga Khaindrava in 2009

In November 2005, Zurabishvili set up the organization 'Salome Zurabishvili’s Movement'. In January 2006 she announced the establishment of a new political party Georgia's Way, criticizing the country's "de facto one-party system." [10] Although Zurabishvili enjoyed some degree of reputation in Georgia she was long unable to establish herself in the political field. At the city council elections in Tbilisi on 5 October 2006, only 2.77% of the constituency voted for her party. Six months before, an opinion poll conducted by the Georgian weekly Kviris Palitra suggested that she would garner 23.1% of the votes at presidential elections. Since October 2007, her party was part of the United Opposition alliance which nominated Zurabishvili as a Prospective Prime Minister in case of their candidate Levan Gachechiladze's victory in the January 2008 presidential election.

As part of a 2009 campaign of the Georgian opposition to force President Mikheil Saakashvili to resign, Zurabishvili led a protest march together with three other prominent opposition figures – Nino Burjanadze, David Gamkrelidze and Eka Beselia – in Tbilisi on 26 March 2009. [11]

On 12 November 2010, Zurabishvili announced her withdrawal from the leadership of Georgia's Way. She was succeeded by Kakha Seturidze. [12] After a two-year leave from politics, she publicly endorsed Georgian Dream ahead of the 2013 presidential elections. [13] Shortly after, Georgia's Central Election Commission refused to register her as a presidential candidate due to her dual Georgian-French citizenship. [14]

In the 2016 parliamentary elections Zurabishvili won a seat as an independent, representing the Mtatsminda region of Tbilisi. [15]

Presidency

In August 2018, Zurabishvili announced that she would participate in Georgian presidential elections. While she was officially independent, her campaign was heavily supported by Georgian Dream. [16] Her main opponent in the election, Grigol Vashadze, was backed by Mikheil Saakashvili. [6] The pre-election campaign was marred by a highly polarized political environment. International observers assessed the elections as competitive and free, stressing that "one side enjoyed an undue advantage and the negative character of the campaign on both sides undermined the process", while the misuse of administrative resources "blurred the line between party and state." [17]

In the first round, final results showed Zurabishvili with just 38.7 percent of the vote, one percentage point ahead of Vashadze, forcing a run-off. [18] Zurabishvili won the 2nd round of the 2018 Georgian presidential election, becoming President-elect. She was inaugurated as President of Georgia on 16 December 2018, with the ceremony performed in Telavi. [19]

As President, Zurabishvili inherited a new Constitution that entered into force the day of her inauguration and which significantly removed several powers from the Presidency, concentrating them within Parliament and the Prime Minister's Office. However, this did not stop her from using her bully pulpit to call for historically-important decisions, including a new investigation into the controversial death of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the country's first President, in 1993.

Residence and funding

Salome Zurabishvili announced during the presidential campaign that if elected, she would not work from the Avlabari Presidential Palace opened in 2009, with Mikheil Saakashvili in office. She met with the fourth President after elections in the Avlabari Palace, but her administration has been moved into the Orbeliani Palace on Atoneli street in Central Tbilisi. [20] On December 18th 2018 she visited the Atoneli residence for the first time. Media met her at the entrance, emphasising the fact that she walked to the office. [21]

Besides moving to the smaller residence, Zurabishvili's office faced a significant budgetary cutback. According to the 2019 budget, funding for the presidential administration is being reduced by just over ₾ 3.5 million. As a result, the vast majority of former employees were fired with only 60 of them remaining in administration. [22]

Changes have also led to abolishing the presidential fund which amounted ₾5 million and funded scholarships, educational programs and various other projects. This decision has been widely criticized with Giorgi Margvelashvili and Maka Chichua campaigning for it to remain. [23]

Political positions

In course of the 2008 Georgian presidential election, Zurabishvili and many other opposition politicians voiced support for the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Bagrationi dynasty, which the Patriarch of Georgia, Ilia II, had advocated. [24]

Personal life

Salome Zurabishvili was married to the Georgian journalist Janri Kashia (1939–2012). She has two children, Ketevan and Teimuraz, from her first marriage. Zurabishvili is the cousin of French historian Hélène Carrère d'Encausse.

Works

Related Research Articles

Politics of Georgia (country)

Politics in Georgia involve a parliamentary representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. The President of Georgia is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of government. The President and the Government wield executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia.

Nino Burjanadze Georgian politician

Nino Burjanadze is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008. As the first woman she has served as the acting head of state of Georgia twice; the first time from 23 November 2003 to 25 January 2004 in the wake of Eduard Shevardnadze's resignation during the Rose Revolution, and again from 25 November 2007 to 20 January 2008, when Mikheil Saakashvili stepped down to rerun in the early presidential elections. She withdrew into opposition to Saakashvili as the leader of the Democratic Movement-United Georgia party in 2008. In October 2013, she ran for president in the October 2013 election. She ran against 22 candidates and ended third with 10 percent of the vote.

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Imedi Media Holding is a private television and Radio Company in Georgia. The stations were founded by the Georgian media tycoon Badri Patarkatsishvili. Today, they are owned by Inna Gudavadze, the Georgian businesswoman and widow of Badri Patarkatsishvili. The station mainly concentrates on news and analytical coverage but broadcasts pop music as well, particularly at night-time.Top Faces of Imedi tv are popular Georgian Celebrities : Naniko Khazaradze, Nika Tsulukidze, Giorgi Bakhutashvili, Bakhva Bregvadze, Kakha Kintsurashvili, Manika Asatiani, Nini BaduraShvili, Irakli Makatsaria, Salome Ghviniashvili, Giorgi Jajanidze and .... Imedi means "hope" in Georgian.

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2009 Georgian demonstrations

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The following lists events in 2018 in Georgia.

The presidency of Salomé Zourabichvili is the fifth presidency of Georgia since the country's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, and the first presidency since the adoption of a new Constitution transforming Georgia into a parliamentary system in 2018. Beginning on December 16, 2018, Zourabichvili's term is set to be the longest term of any presidency in Georgia's history, as the transition into a new Constitution means that her mandate will last until 2024.

References

  1. ↑ "Presidential Candidate Apologizes for Unethical Address to Reporters". Georgia Today on the Web.
  2. ↑ In her capacity as Speaker of Parliament, Nino Burjanadze briefly served as acting president on two occasions
  3. ↑ Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012). "ლევან ზურაბიშვილი (Levan Zurabishvili)" (in Georgian). National Parliamentary Library of Georgia . Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  4. 1 2 "პირველი ქართული ემიგრაციის წარმომადგენელი ზეინაბ კედია გარდაიცვალა (Zeinab Kedia, the first Georgian emigration representative, died)" (in Georgian). Newposts.ge. 20 February 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  5. ↑ Alexander Mikaberidze (6 February 2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 695–. ISBN   978-1-4422-4146-6.
  6. 1 2 Henry Foy (25 October 2018), Frenchwoman frontrunner to become Georgia’s next president Financial Times .
  7. ↑ Biographical dictionary
  8. ↑ A Georgian victory as Russia will quit 2 bases New York Times , 31 May 2005.
  9. ↑ Georgia, Civil. "Civil.Ge - Foreign Minister Zourabichvili Sacked". www.civil.ge.
  10. ↑ Quentin Peel and Isabel Gorst (31 October 2007), Liberal laboratory at Russia’s door Financial Times .
  11. ↑ Georgian Opposition Mulls More Radical Forms Of Protest Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty , 27 May 2009.
  12. ↑ "The Messenger - Opposition Leader takes UN Security Council job". www.messenger.com.ge.
  13. ↑ Former Georgian Foreign Minister Zurabishvili Endorses Saakashvili Rival Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty , 12 July 2012.
  14. ↑ Georgia Election Board Rejects Former Foreign Minister Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty , 3 September 2013.
  15. ↑ Liz Fuller (1 November 2016), Will Georgia's Ruling Party Use Super-Majority For Common Good Or To Further Own Interests? Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty , 3 September 2013.
  16. ↑ "Georgian Dream to support Salome Zurabishvili in 2018 presidential elections". 1TV.
  17. ↑ "Georgia's First Woman President Sworn In Amid Opposition Protests". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  18. ↑ Margarita Antidze (28 October 2018), Georgia presidential vote heads for runoff in setback for ruling party  Reuters .
  19. ↑ "Salome Zurabishvili confirms that inauguration will be held in Telavi". Interpressnews.ge. 5 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  20. ↑ "Where Will Georgia's New President Live?". Georgiatoday.ge. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  21. ↑ "Salome Zurabishvili arrives at Atoneli Presidential Palace". 1tv.ge. 18 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  22. ↑ "New Georgian president will have less funding: details on the inauguration and new residence". jam-news.net. 4 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  23. ↑ "Margvelashvili Calls on Gov't Not to Abolish Presidential Fund". Georgiatoday.ge. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  24. ↑ Civil Georgia (2007-10-08). "Civil.Ge - Politicians Comment on Constitutional Monarchy Proposal". www.civil.ge.

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Political offices
Preceded by
Tedo Japaridze 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
2004–2005		Succeeded by
Gela Bezhuashvili
Preceded by
Giorgi Margvelashvili 		President of Georgia
2018–present		Incumbent
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