Salvelinus profundus | |
---|---|
Salvelinus profundus (tiefseesaibling) and Coregonus gutturosus (kilch) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Salmoniformes |
Family: | Salmonidae |
Genus: | Salvelinus |
Species: | S. profundus |
Binomial name | |
Salvelinus profundus (Schillinger, 1901) | |
Salvelinus profundus (German : Tiefseesaibling 'Deepwater char') is a deepwater char species found only in deep areas of Lake Constance. [2]
This fish can reach 24 cm (9.4 in) in length and has a blunt snout with the mouth in subinferior position. Its lower fins have no white margins and its flanks are silvery to yellowish with pale blue spots; the belly can have a reddish color. [3]
Salvelinus profundus was still a commercial species in the 1960s but the eutrophication of Lake Constance, which began in the 1950s and peaked in 1979, is thought to have affected egg development. Surveys undertaken in the last ten years failed to find any evidence of the survival of this deep-water trout, as well as of the Lake Constance whitefish ( Coregonus gutturosus ), another fish species driven recently to extinction. [4] The species had been reported extinct since the late 1970s but was officially declared so by the IUCN only in 2008.
However, the fish species was rediscovered in 2016 during 'Project Lac', a marine survey undertaken by the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. [5] [6] The team had not expected to locate the fish, which had not been seen in decades. It is suspected that they were not detected earlier due to the depth at which they swim.
The Lake Neuchâtel deepwater char ( Salvelinus neocomensis ) is a similar fish species that became extinct in another European lake. [7]
The lake trout is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, namaycush,lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, it can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbelly and lean. The lake trout is prized both as a game fish and as a food fish. Those caught with dark coloration may be called mud hens.
The bull trout is a char of the family Salmonidae native to northwestern North America. Historically, S. confluentus has been known as the "Dolly Varden", but was reclassified as a separate species in 1980. Populations of bull trout in the lower 48 states are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and bull trout overall are listed as vulnerable to extinction on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Saskatchewan-Nelson Rivers population in Alberta, Canada is listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act.
Ammersee is a Zungenbecken lake in Upper Bavaria, Germany, southwest of Munich between the towns of Herrsching and Dießen am Ammersee. With a surface area of approximately 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi), it is the sixth largest lake in Germany. The lake is at an elevation of 533 metres (1,749 ft), and has a maximum depth of 81 metres (266 ft). Like other Bavarian lakes, Ammersee developed as a result of the ice age glaciers melting. Ammersee is fed by the River Ammer, which flows as the Amper out of the lake. Like neighbouring Lake Starnberg - deeper, bigger in surface area, similar in shape - it is a popular location for watersports.
The Arctic char or Arctic charr is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes, as well as Arctic and subarctic coastal waters in the Holarctic.
The silver trout is an extinct char species or subspecies that inhabited a few waters in New Hampshire in the United States prior to 1939, when a biological survey conducted on the Connecticut watershed by the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department found none.
The Dolly Varden trout is a species of salmonid ray-finned fish native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. Despite the name "trout", it belongs to the genus Salvelinus (chars), which includes 51 recognized species, the most prominent being the brook, lake and bull trout as well as the Arctic char. Although many populations are semi-anadromous, riverine and lacustrine populations occur throughout its range. It is considered by taxonomists as part of the Salvelinus alpinus complex, as many populations of bull trout, Dolly Varden trout and Arctic char overlap.
Salvelinus is a genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". Salvelinus is a member of the subfamily Salmoninae within the family Salmonidae. The genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. Many species also migrate to the sea.
The deepwater sculpin is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cottidae of order Scorpaeniformes. It is a glacial relict, native to a limited number of deep, cold lakes in Canada and the United States.
Lough Melvin is a lake in the northwest of the island of Ireland on the border between County Leitrim and County Fermanagh. It is internationally renowned for its unique range of plants and animals.
Coregonus gutturosus, the Lake Constance whitefish, is an extinct species of whitefish in the salmon family Salmonidae. It was formerly found only in deep areas of Lake Constance in the Alps.
Salvelinus neocomensis is an extinct deepwater trout species only known from three specimens fished in Lake Neuchâtel (Neuenburgersee) in 1896, 1902 and 1904.
Salvelinus evasus, is a vulnerable deepwater char or trout living in the Ammersee lake in Bavaria, Southern Germany.
Salvelinus inframundus, also known as Orkney charr is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae which is endemic to Scotland.
Salvelinus umbla, also known as lake char, is a species of char found in certain lakes of the region of the Alps in Europe.
Salvelinus grayi, also called Gray's char[r], Lough Melvin char[r] or freshwater herring, is a species of lacustrine char in the family Salmonidae.
Salvelinus obtusus, commonly called the blunt-nosed Irish charr or blunt-snouted Irish char, is a species of lacustrine char fish in the family Salmonidae, found in the Lakes of Killarney, Ireland.
The deepwater grenadier is a species of deep-sea fish in the family Macrouridae.
Salvelinus murta, also known as the Murta char, is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae sometimes referenced as a subspecies of Arctic char. The Murta char is one of the few vertebrate species exclusively endemic to Iceland. The species range lies entirely within the lake Þingvallavatn. The Murta Char was originally described by the Icelandic ichthyologist Bjarni Sæmundsson in 1909. According to the most recent IUCN assessment in 2008, there are some piscivorous individual variants displaying non-standard morphology that eat three-spined stickleback although most individuals rely heavily on zooplankton and aquatic insects. The Murta Char is confirmed to live up to 18 years with first spawning usually occurring at 3–6 years of age in October.