San Lucan xeric scrub | |
---|---|
Ecology | |
Realm | Neotropical |
Biome | deserts and xeric shrublands |
Borders | |
Geography | |
Area | 3,685 km2 (1,423 sq mi) |
Country | Mexico |
States | Baja California Sur |
Conservation | |
Conservation status | Vulnerable |
Protected | 568 km² (15%) [1] |
The San Lucan xeric scrub is a xeric shrubland ecoregion of the southernmost Baja California Peninsula, in Los Cabos Municipality and eastern La Paz Municipality of southern Baja California Sur state, Mexico.
The San Lucan xeric scrub covers an area of 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). It extends to the sea on the west, south, and east, and up to 250 metres (820 ft) elevation in the Sierra de la Laguna, where the Sierra de la Laguna dry forests ecoregion begins. Above that to the range's summits is the Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests ecoregion. The ecoregion includes Jacques Cousteau Island (aka Cerralvo Island), Espíritu Santo Island, and Partida Island in the Gulf of California. It is bounded on the north by the Gulf of California xeric scrub ecoregion. [2]
The cities of Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo are on the southern coast. The city of La Paz lies at the northern edge of the ecoregion.
The ecoregion has a tropical desert climate (Köppen: BWh). [3] Annual rainfall averages about 400mm. [2] The August through October are the rainiest months.
The predominant vegetation is dry shrubland. Common plants include the small trees Bursera microphylla and Lysiloma divaricata , along with yuccas and the cactus Opuntia cholla, Stenocereus thurberi , and Ferocactus spp. Herbaceous plants include Cnidoscolus angustidens, Plantago linearis, Bouteloua hirsuta , and Commelina coelestis . [2]
The San José oasis is a coastal wetland near San Jose del Cabo. The oasis is watered by groundwater and the Río San José, intermittent stream, and is home to marshlands and flooded savannas dominated by the palm Washingtonia robusta , together with Brahea brandegeei , Populus brandegeei var glabra, Prunus serotina, Ilex brandegeana, Heteromeles arbutifolia , and Salix lasiolepis . [4]
Bats in the ecoregion include the peninsular myotis (Myotis peninsularis), found only in the southern Baja Peninsula, and the Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) and lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), which are important pollinators for some desert plants. [5]
Other native animals include the peninsular mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus peninsulae), White-tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus), Acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), red-spotted toad (Anaxyrus punctatus), and Baja California chorus frog (Pseudacris hypochondriaca). [2]
Dalquest's pocket mouse (Chaetodipus dalquesti), Xantus's hummingbird (Basilinna xantusii), the Baja California slider (Trachemys nebulosa), and the Cape arboreal spiny lizard (Sceloporus licki) are restricted to the southern Baja California Peninsula. The San Lucan gecko (Phyllodactylus unctus) is restricted to the southern peninsula and adjacent islands in the gulf.
The Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus insularis) is found only on Espíritu Santo Island. The Cerralvo Island whiptail (Aspidoscelis ceralbensis) and Isla Cerralvo snake (Chilomeniscus savagei) are restricted to Jacques Cousteau Island. [5]
A 2017 assessment found that 568 km², or 15%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. [1] Sierra de la Laguna Biosphere Reserve protects a portion of the ecoregion east of Todos Santos. Jacques Cousteau, Espíritu Santo, and Partidas islands are part of the Gulf of California Islands Flora and Fauna Protection Area. Balandra Flora and Fauna Protection Area lies along the Gulf of California coast north of La Paz. The Sistema Ripario de la Cuenca y Estero de San José del Cabo is a Ramsar site of 124,219 ha, which includes the San José oasis north of San José del Cabo and its watershed. [4] Cabo Pulmo National Park protects a portion of the eastern shoreline and offshore reefs.
The Baja California peninsula is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.
Baja California Sur, officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California Sur, is the least populated state and the 31st admitted state of the 32 federal entities which comprise the 31 States of Mexico. It is also the ninth-largest Mexican state in terms of area.
Sierra de San Pedro Mártir is a mountain range located within southern Ensenada Municipality and southern Baja California state, of northwestern Mexico.
The Peninsular Ranges are a group of mountain ranges that stretch 1,500 km (930 mi) from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Pacific Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico. Elevations range from 150 to 3,300 m.
San José del Cabo is a coastal city located on the Gulf of California coast, near the southern tip of Baja California Sur (state), México. San José del Cabo is situated on the edge of a shallow bay, some 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of Cabo San Lucas, a city with which it shares the title of Los Cabos.
The Pericú were the aboriginal inhabitants of the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of Baja California Sur, Mexico. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.
The Baja California desert is a desert ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California peninsula. This ecoregion occupies the western portion of the Baja California peninsula, and occupies most of the Mexican states of Baja California Sur and Baja California. It covers 77,700 square kilometers. The climate is dry, but its proximity of the Pacific Ocean provides humidity and moderates the temperature. The flora mostly consists of xeric shrubs and over 500 species of recorded vascular plants.
The Madrean pine–oak woodlands are subtropical woodlands found in the mountains of Mexico and the southwestern United States. They are a biogeographic region of the tropical and subtropical coniferous forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biomes, located in North America.
Los Cabos is a municipality located at the southern tip of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, in the state of Baja California Sur. It encompasses the two towns of Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo linked by a thirty-two-km Resort Corridor of beach-front properties and championship golf courses.
The Sierra de la Laguna is a mountain range at the southern end of the Baja California peninsula in Mexico, and is the southernmost range of the Peninsular Ranges System.
The Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion, found in the Sierra de la Laguna mountain range at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.
The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a subtropical dry forest ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.
San Pedro is a small town in the Sierra de la Laguna Mountains in La Paz Municipality near the southern end of Baja California Sur. It is located a few miles north of the junction of Highway 1 and Highway 19. It had a 2010 census population of 568 inhabitants, and is situated at an elevation of 200 meters (656 ft.) above sea level.
Mission San José del Cabo or San José del Cabo Cathedral was the southernmost of the Jesuit missions on the Baja California peninsula, located in the outskirts of the modern city of San José del Cabo in Baja California Sur, Mexico.
The Sierra de la Giganta is a mountain range of eastern Baja California Sur state, located on the southern Baja California Peninsula in northwestern Mexico.
Isla Espíritu Santo is an uninhabited island in the Gulf of California, off the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is separated from Isla Partida by a narrow canal.
The Gulf of California xeric scrub is a xeric shrubland ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula.
Los Barriles is a town in La Paz Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico. As 2020, the town had a population of 1,674 people.
Dudleya nubigena is a species of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae. It is a rosette forming perennial with flattish leaves. Endemic to southern Baja California Sur, the species is found in the Sierra de la Laguna and the surrounding lowlands, a small southern portion of the Sierra de la Giganta, and on Isla Espíritu Santo, with a subspecies endemic to Cerralvo Island.