Sierra de la Laguna

Last updated
Sierra de la Laguna
El picacho.jpg
View from El Picacho.
Highest point
PeakSierra de la Laguna High Point
Elevation 6,857 ft (2,090 m)
Geography
Mexico Baja California Sur location map.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Sierra de la Laguna
Mexico relief location map.jpg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Sierra de la Laguna
Country Mexico
State Baja California Sur
Municipalities La Paz Municipality and Los Cabos Municipality
Geology
Type of rock Peninsular Ranges
Sierra de la Laguna.png

The Sierra de la Laguna is a mountain range at the southern end of the Baja California peninsula in Mexico, and is the southernmost range of the Peninsular Ranges System.

Contents

It is located in La Paz Municipality and Los Cabos Municipality of southern Baja California Sur state.

The "Sierra de la Laguna High Point", at 2,090 metres (6,857 ft) in elevation, is the highest point of the range and in Baja California Sur state. [1]

Ecology

The southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, including the Sierra de la Laguna, was formerly an island in prehistoric times. It has a distinctive flora and fauna, with many affinities to Southwestern Mexico. The Sierra is home to many endemic species and subspecies. Some of the more common plants restricted to the region are Bidens cabopulmensis , Diospyros intricata, Erythranthe lagunensis, Heimia salicifolia , Hibiscus ribifolius, Indigofera fruticosa, Physalis glabra, Quercus brandegeei , Sida xanti, Stenotis asperuloides, and Yucca capensis .

The dry San Lucan xeric scrub ecoregion extends from the sea level at the coast to 250 metres (820 ft) in elevation. The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests ecoregion occupy lower portion of the range, from 250–800 metres (820–2,620 ft) in elevation.

Above 800 metres (2,600 ft) in elevation, the dry forests transition to the Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests ecoregion. The composition of the pine-oak forests varies with elevation; oak woodlands predominate from 800–1,200 metres (2,600–3,900 ft) in elevation, with oak-pine woodlands between 1,200–1,600 metres (3,900–5,200 ft) in elevation, transitioning to pine-oak forests above 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) in elevation. The predominant pine is a local subspecies of Mexican Pinyon, Pinus cembroides subsp. lagunae.

The upper reaches of the mountains include endemic species such as a rare succulent plant Dudleya rigida, and a beargrass known as Nolina beldingii. [2]

The forests are exploited commercially for timber, and cattle-raising is common in the oak woodland and dry forest zones.

Biosphere reserve

UNESCO has designated the Sierra de la Laguna a global biosphere reserve: "This semi arid to temperate subhumid climate area represents highly important and contrasted ecosystems, including arid zones, matorrales, low deciduous forest type, evergreen oak: Quercus devia (“encino”) woods, pine-evergreen oak mix woods and oases with palms and “guerivos” situated throughout the gallery forest following the long river basins." The Biosphere reserve was established by a Mexican presidential decree of 6 June 1994, which designated a core area and buffer zones.

The core area is centered on the higher-elevation oak-pine forests, while the transition area includes the communities of Todos Santos, El Pescadero, El Triunfo, San Antonio, San Bartolo, Buena Vista, Los Barriles, Las Cuevas, Santiago and Miraflores, Baja California Sur.

Climate

The climate is influenced by its altitude. At higher altitudes, it has a subtropical highland climate with cool temperatures year round and higher amounts of precipitation.

Climate data for Sierra de la Laguna, elev. 1,906 metres (6,253 ft)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)25.0
(77.0)
26.0
(78.8)
29.5
(85.1)
29.0
(84.2)
32.5
(90.5)
34.0
(93.2)
31.0
(87.8)
36.0
(96.8)
33.0
(91.4)
31.0
(87.8)
29.0
(84.2)
30.0
(86.0)
36.0
(96.8)
Average high °C (°F)15.8
(60.4)
17.2
(63.0)
19.0
(66.2)
21.1
(70.0)
22.7
(72.9)
24.4
(75.9)
23.8
(74.8)
22.9
(73.2)
22.4
(72.3)
21.2
(70.2)
19.0
(66.2)
17.4
(63.3)
20.6
(69.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)8.9
(48.0)
9.7
(49.5)
11.2
(52.2)
13.4
(56.1)
15.2
(59.4)
17.8
(64.0)
18.3
(64.9)
17.6
(63.7)
17.1
(62.8)
15.0
(59.0)
12.0
(53.6)
10.2
(50.4)
13.9
(57.0)
Average low °C (°F)2.1
(35.8)
2.3
(36.1)
3.4
(38.1)
5.7
(42.3)
7.7
(45.9)
11.3
(52.3)
12.9
(55.2)
12.4
(54.3)
11.8
(53.2)
8.8
(47.8)
5.1
(41.2)
3.1
(37.6)
7.2
(45.0)
Record low °C (°F)−7.0
(19.4)
−7.0
(19.4)
−6.0
(21.2)
−4.0
(24.8)
−1.0
(30.2)
1.0
(33.8)
7.0
(44.6)
5.0
(41.0)
4.5
(40.1)
−2.0
(28.4)
−6.0
(21.2)
−6.0
(21.2)
−7.0
(19.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)31.1
(1.22)
10.2
(0.40)
6.1
(0.24)
3.0
(0.12)
0.2
(0.01)
7.6
(0.30)
110.8
(4.36)
181.7
(7.15)
166.6
(6.56)
72.4
(2.85)
18.5
(0.73)
39.5
(1.56)
647.7
(25.50)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)1.921.320.780.370.180.907.6211.919.454.651.862.6043.56
Average snowy days00.0400000000000.04
Source 1: Colegio de Postgraduados [3]
Source 2: Servicio Meteorológico National (extremes) [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baja California peninsula</span> Peninsula on the Pacific coast of Mexico

The Baja California peninsula is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de San Pedro Mártir</span> Mountain range in northwestern Mexico

Sierra de San Pedro Mártir is a mountain range located within southern Ensenada Municipality and southern Baja California state, of northwestern Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peninsular Ranges</span> Group of mountain ranges in Southern California and northern Mexico

The Peninsular Ranges are a group of mountain ranges that stretch 1,500 km (930 mi) from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Pacific Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico. Elevations range from 150 to 3,300 m.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre Oriental</span> Mountain range in Mexico

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America, and Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre del Sur</span> Mountain range in southern Mexico

The Sierra Madre del Sur is a mountain range in southern Mexico, extending 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from southern Michoacán east through Guerrero, to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in eastern Oaxaca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baja California desert</span> Desert ecoregion of the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico

The Baja California desert is a desert ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California peninsula. This ecoregion occupies the western portion of the Baja California peninsula, and occupies most of the Mexican states of Baja California Sur and Baja California. It covers 77,700 square kilometers. The climate is dry, but its proximity of the Pacific Ocean provides humidity and moderates the temperature. The flora mostly consists of xeric shrubs and over 500 species of recorded vascular plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrean pine–oak woodlands</span>

The Madrean pine–oak woodlands are subtropical woodlands found in the mountains of Mexico and the southwestern United States. They are a biogeographic region of the tropical and subtropical coniferous forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biomes, located in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de Juárez</span> Mountain range in Baja California, Mexico

The Sierra de Juárez, also known as the Sierra Juarez, is a mountain range located in Tecate Municipality and northern Ensenada Municipality, within the northern Baja California state of northwestern Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests</span> Temperate coniferous forests ecoregion in Baja California, Mexico

The Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests is a Nearctic temperate coniferous forests ecoregion that covers the higher elevations of the Sierra Juárez and Sierra San Pedro Mártir ranges of the Peninsular Ranges, of the northern Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. The pine–oak forests extend throughout the central portion of the Mexican state of Baja California and terminate near the border with the U.S. state of California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests</span> Ecoregion in Mexico

The Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion, found in the Sierra de la Laguna mountain range at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de la Laguna dry forests</span> Ecoregion in Mexico

The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a subtropical dry forest ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests</span> Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of Mexico and the United States

The Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests are a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range from the southwest USA region to the western part of Mexico. They are home to a large number of endemic plants and important habitat for wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests</span> Tropical coniferous forest ecoregion in Mexico

The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests is a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion in Southern Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre de Oaxaca</span> Mountain range in southern Mexico

The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca is a mountain range in southern Mexico. It is primarily in the state of Oaxaca, and extends north into the states of Puebla and Veracruz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests</span> Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion in Mexico

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests is a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of central Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Lucan xeric scrub</span> Xeric shrubland eoregion of Baja California Sur, Mexico

The San Lucan xeric scrub is a xeric shrubland ecoregion of the southernmost Baja California Peninsula, in Los Cabos Municipality and eastern La Paz Municipality of southern Baja California Sur state, Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central American pine–oak forests</span> Ecoregion in Mexico and Central America

The Central American pine–oak forests is a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion in the mountains of northern Central America and Chiapas state in southern Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California coastal sage and chaparral</span> Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion in Mexico and the United States

The California coastal sage and chaparral is a Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion located in southwestern California and northwestern Baja California (Mexico). It is part of the larger California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests</span> Tropical coniferous forest ecoregion in Mexico

The Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests is a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range of southern Mexico.

La Michilía Biosphere Reserve is a protected area in northwestern Mexico. It is located in the Sierra Madre Occidental range in southern Durango state.

References

  1. Peakery.com: Sierra de la Laguna High Point - Baja California Sur, Mexico
  2. Rebman, Jon P.; Gibson, Judy; Rich, Karen (15 November 2016). "ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO" (PDF). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego Natural History Museum. 45 via San Diego Plant Atlas & San Diego Natural History Museum.
  3. "Normales climatológicas para Sierra de la Laguna, B.C.S" (in Spanish). Colegio de Postgraduados. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  4. "NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951-2010" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico National. Retrieved January 17, 2013.

23°34′N110°00′W / 23.567°N 110.000°W / 23.567; -110.000