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Togo,officially the Togolese Republic,is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west,Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It is one of the least developed countries and extends south to the Gulf of Guinea,where its capital,Lomé,is located. It is a small,tropical country,which covers 57,000 square kilometres and has a population of approximately 8 million,and it has a width of less than 115 km (71 mi) between Ghana and its eastern neighbour Benin.
The history of Togo can be traced to archaeological finds which indicate that ancient local tribes were able to produce pottery and process tin. During the period from the 11th century to the 16th century,the Ewé,the Mina,the Gun,and various other tribes entered the region. Most of them settled in coastal areas. The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century,followed by other European powers. Until the 19th century,the coastal region was a major slave trade centre,earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast".
British Togoland,officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland,was a territory in West Africa under the administration of the United Kingdom,which subsequently entered a union with Ghana,part of which became its Volta Region. The territory was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories,French Togoland and British Togoland,during the First World War. Initially,it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922,British Togoland was formally placed under British rule,and French Togoland,now Togo,was placed under French rule.
Ho is the a city and the capital of the Ho Municipal District and the Volta Region of Ghana. The city lies between Mount Adaklu and Mount Galenukui or Togo Atakora Range,and is home to the Volta Regional Museum,a cathedral,and a prison. The city is the capital of unrecognised Western Togoland. It was formerly the administrative capital of British Togoland now part of the Volta Region. The population of Ho Municipality according to the 2010 Population and Housing Census is 177,281 representing 8.4 percent of the region's total population. Females constitute 52.7 percent and males represent 47.3 percent. The population in Ho grew up to 180,420 National Population Census. About 62 percent of the population resides in urban localities. The Municipality shares boundaries with Adaklu and Agotime-Ziope Districts to the South,Ho West District to the North and West and the Republic of Togo to the East. Its total land area is 2,361 square kilometers thus representing 11.5 percent of the region's total land area.
Sylvanus Épiphanio Olympio was a Togolese politician who served as prime minister,and then president,of Togo from 1958 until his assassination in 1963. He came from the important Olympio family,which included his uncle Octaviano Olympio,one of the richest people in Togo in the early 1900s.
Togoland,officially the Togoland Protectorate,was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914,encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana,approximately 90,400 km2 in size. During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa",the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland.
French Togoland was a French colonial League of Nations mandate from 1916 to 1946,and a UN trust territory from 1946 to 1960 in French West Africa. In 1960 it became the independent Togolese Republic.
Volta Region is one of Ghana's sixteen administrative regions,with Ho designated as its capital. It is located west of Republic of Togo and to the east of Lake Volta. Divided into 25 administrative districts,the region is multi-ethnic and multilingual,including groups such as the Ewe,the Guan,and the Akan peoples. The Guan peoples include the Lolobi,Likpe,Akpafu,Akyode,Buem,Nyagbo,Avatime,and Nkonya. This region was carved out of the Volta Region in December 2018 by the New Patriotic Party. The people of the Volta Region are popularly known as Voltaians. This group includes the Ewes,Guans and other minor tribes living in the Volta Region. The people of the Volta Region are popular known for their rich cultural display and music some of which include Agbadza,Borborbor and Zigi.
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church,Ghana is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in Ghana. It is popularly referred to as the "EP Church". It has strong roots in the Evangelical and Reformed traditions. The denomination's Presbyterian sister church is the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.
The strains in Ghana–Togo relations stretch back to pre-independence days.
A referendum on autonomy was held in French Togoland on 28 October 1956. Since World War I,the territory had been a League of Nations mandate and then a United Nations Trust Territory under French control. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory or becoming an autonomous region within the French Union. The result was 93% in favour of the latter,with a 77% turnout. However,the referendum was rejected by the United Nations General Assembly as it had not included the option of independence and opted to continue with the trusteeship. In neighbouring British Togoland,a referendum earlier in the year had resulted in the territory becoming part of Ghana.
Christian Tsui Hesse,popularly known as Chris Hesse is a Ghanaian cinematographer,filmmaker,film administrator,photographer and Presbyterian minister who is known for his cinematography in several award-winning films such as the critically acclaimed Love Brewed in the African Pot (1980) and Heritage Africa (1989). He was the personal cinematographer of Ghana's first President,Dr Kwame Nkrumah. Chris Hesse helped to document the visual history of the political leadership and development of the country. He also worked for the United Nations,serving as a photographer,documenting the Congo crisis in 1960.
Seth Senyo Agidi (1955–2020) was the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church,Ghana until his death in October 2020.
Owusu Afriyie Akoto is a Ghanaian agricultural economist and politician. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and was a Member of Parliament for the Kwadaso Constituency from 2009 to 2017. He was a cabinet minister in the Nana Akufo-Addo administration and served as Minister of Food and Agriculture of Ghana. He resigned on 10 January 2023 to focus on his presidential ambition. He holds MSc and PHD Degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Cambridge,England.
Solomon Osei-Akoto was a Ghanaian politician. He was member of parliament for Birim-Abirem from 1969 to 1972 and also served as ministerial secretary for transport and communication under the Busia regime.
Joseph Yaw Manu was a Ghanaian civil servant and politician of the First Parliament of the Second Republic representing the Mampong South Constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. He was a deputy minister for transport during the second republic.
Joseph Henry Allassani was a Ghanaian teacher and politician. He was a member of parliament and a minister of state during the first republic. He was the first health minister in the first republic of Ghana.
Tamale Senior High School formerly Government Secondary School,Tamale,Gbewaa Secondary School,and more recently Tamale Secondary School is a co-educational second cycle boarding school located at Education Ridge,a suburb of the Sagnarigu Municipality. The school was founded in 1951 by the then British Colonial Authorities as the first second cycle institution of the Northern Territories.
France–Togo relations are the diplomatic relations between the French Republic and the Togolese Republic. Both nations are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the United Nations.
Kodzo Afelete Ayeke was a Ghanaian politician,teacher,journalist,lawyer,and author. He was a member of parliament for Ho West,getting twice elected into parliament in 1954 and 1956 as a Togoland Congress member before joining the United Party on the ban of the Togoland Congress in 1958. As a journalist,he founded the Togoland Vanguard the first ever newspaper in the then Trans-Volta Togoland. An ethnic Ewe,he published two novels in the Ewe language,Asitsu Atoawo and Hlobiabia.
References
- 1 2 Nelson Ayivor (18 May 2023). "Dr Afriyie Akoto pays tribute to S.G. Antor". Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ "Dr Afriyie Akoto eulogises late S. G. Antor". Graphic Online. Graphic Communications Group Ltd. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ Kate Skinner (2 November 2017). "1". The Fruits of Freedom in British Togoland - Literacy, Politics and Nationalism 1914 - 2014 (Reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107427051.
- ↑ "Petition from Mr. S.G. Antor concerning Togoland under British Administration". un.org. United Nations. 18 June 1951. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ "Verandah Boys versus Reactionary Lawyers: Nationalist Activism in Ghana, 1946–1956" (PDF).
- ↑ Edward Bamfo-Darko (1 October 2020). "Togoland Secessionists Are Old Political Party With Old Immaterial Agendum". modernghana.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ Thullen, George (1964). Problems of the Trusteeship System: A Study of Political Behavior in the United Nations. Geneva: Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-04012-9 . Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ Michael Sumaila Nlasia (20 July 2019). "The problems of tribalism with African democracy". Graphic Online. Graphic Communications Group Ltd. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ↑ Adam Higazi (June 2004). "Policy Levers in Ghana" (PDF). Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. p. 5. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "S.G. Antor's son testifies at NRC". modernghana.com. 23 July 2003. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ↑ Brown, David (December 1980). "Borderline Politics in Ghana: The National Liberation Movement of Western Togoland". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 18 (4). Cambridge University Press: 575–609. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00014750. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160799 . Retrieved 25 September 2024.
S. G. Antor and Dumoga, were appointed as Ambassadors to, respec- tively, Togo and Dahomey
- ↑ "West Africa". West Africa. West Africa Publishing Company: 1445. July 1986. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
The death has been reported in Lome, Togo, of Mr Senyo Gatror Antor, Ghana's Ambassador to Togo during the Second Republic. Mr Antor, 80, a former teacher and politician, was a lifelong advocate of Togoland unity. He led a group of people in the then British Mandated Togoland which sought the unification of the Volta Region with Togo. Their attempts led the United Nations to organise a plebiscite in the area in 1956. Mr Antor was serving as Ambassador in Togo when the regime of Prime Minister K. A. Busia was toppled