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Yajnavalkya or Yagyavalkya is a Hindu Vedic sage featuring in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Tattiriya Upanishad. Yajnavalkya proposes and debates metaphysical questions about the nature of existence, consciousness and impermanence, and expounds the epistemic doctrine of neti neti to discover the universal Self and Ātman. Texts attributed to him include the Yajnavalkya Smriti, Yoga Yajnavalkya and some texts of the Vedanta school. He is also mentioned in the Mahabharata as well as various Puranas, Brahmanas and Aranyakas.
The Shatapatha Brahmana is a commentary on the Śukla Yajurveda. It is attributed to the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya. Described as the most complete, systematic, and important of the Brahmanas, it contains detailed explanations of Vedic sacrificial rituals, symbolism, and mythology.
The Brahmanas are Vedic śruti works attached to the Samhitas of the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas. They are a secondary layer or classification of Sanskrit texts embedded within each Veda, which explain and instruct on the performance of Vedic rituals. In addition to explaining the symbolism and meaning of the Samhitas, Brahmana literature also expounds scientific knowledge of the Vedic Period, including observational astronomy and, particularly in relation to altar construction, geometry. Divergent in nature, some Brahmanas also contain mystical and philosophical material that constitutes Aranyakas and Upanishads.
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad is tenth in the Muktikā or "canon of 108 Upanishads".
The Taittirīya Shakha, is a shakha of the Krishna (black) Yajurveda. The Taittiriyas are themselves divided into numerous sub-schools. Among these, the followers of Baudhayana and Apastamba were found all over South India, while the Hiranyakeshins were found mainly in Konkan and Western Maharashtra. The Vaikhanasas have a more eastern presence- around Tirupati and Chennai. The Vadhulas are present currently in Kerala and earlier in adjacent parts of Tamil Nadu. The Agniveshyas, a subdivision of the Vadhula immigrants from Malabar, are found around Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. The Apastamba, Hiranyakeshin, Vaikhanasa and Baudhayana schools have survived with all their texts intact, it consists of the Taittirīya Samhita ('TS'), Taittirīya Brahmana ('TB'), Taittirīya Aranyaka ('TA'), and Taittirīya Pratisakhya ('TP').
Pippalada is a sage and philosopher in Hindu tradition. He is best known for being attributed the authorship of the Prashna Upanishad, which is among the ten Mukhya Upanishads. He is believed to have founded the Pippalada school of thought, which taught the Atharvaveda. He is regarded to be an incarnation (āṃśa) of Shiva in some Puranas.
Nachiketas, also rendered Nachiketā and Nachiketan, is a character in Hindu literature. He is the son of the sage Vājashravas, or Uddalaki, in some traditions. He is the child protagonist of an ancient Indian dialogical narrative about the nature of the atman (soul).
Gargi Vachaknavi, was an ancient Indian sage and philosopher. In Vedic literature, she is honoured as a great natural philosopher, renowned expounder of the Vedas, and known as Brahmavadini, a person with knowledge of Brahma Vidya. In the Sixth and the eighth Brahmana of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, her name is prominent as she participates in the brahmayajna, a philosophic debate organized by King Janaka of Videha and she challenges the sage Yajnavalkya with perplexing questions on the issue of atman (soul). She is also said to have written many hymns in the Rigveda. She remained a celibate all her life and was held in veneration by the conventional Hindus.
Maitreyi who lived during the later Vedic period in ancient India. She is mentioned in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad as one of two wives of the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya; she is estimated to have lived around the 8th century BCE. In the Hindu epic Mahabharata and the Gṛhyasūtras, however, Maitreyi is described as an Advaita philosopher who never married. In ancient Sanskrit literature, she is known as a brahmavadini.
Uddalaka Aruni, also referred to as Uddalaka or Aruni or Uddalaka Varuni, is a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism. He is mentioned in many Vedic era Sanskrit texts, and his philosophical teachings are among the center piece in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Chandogya Upanishad, two of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures. A famed Vedic teacher, Aruni lived a few centuries before the Buddha, and attracted students from far regions of the Indian subcontinent; some of his students such as Yajnavalkya are also highly revered in the Hindu traditions. Both Aruni and Yajnavalkya are among the most frequently mentioned Upanishadic teachers in Hinduism.
Dhī is a Sanskrit word meaning 'understanding', 'reflection', 'religious thought', 'mind', 'design', 'intelligence', 'opinion', 'meditation', 'imagination', 'notion', and 'intellect'. This word is directly connected with the word Vāc, meaning Speech, derived from Vac meaning, 'to speak'. Dhi is the voiced Vāc or 'Speech', it is the thought-mind or intellect. Dhi also means 'to hold' or 'to place', and indicates the activity of the intellect.
The Jabala Upanishad, also called Jabalopanisad, is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. The Sanskrit text is one of the 20 Sannyasa Upanishads, and is attached to the Shukla Yajurveda.
Vedic Parishad or Parishad was a council of learned Brahmins and scholars in the ancient India. It is also known as Brahmasabhā. The Vedic Parishad was headed by a chief judge. The chief judge was called as Dharmādhikārin. It was often a kind of religious court in Vedic and Brahmanical period. It was the sovereign assembly to the meeting of learned Brahmins for discussion and debate between the scholars. According to R K Mukherjee, the Parishad resembles with the university of students belonging to various colleges. Parishad represents conducting debates under the chairmanship of its president. In ancient times, Parishad was the assembly of learned scholars called by the king to decide on the subjects of Vedas, Vedanga, Dharmashastra, religion etc. The decision taken by the Parishad was universal.
Yajnavalkya Jayanti is a Hindu festival observed to celebrate the birth of the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya.
Ashvala was the chief Hotra Brahmin priest at the court of the King Janaka in Mithila. He was the authority at the Asvamedha Yajna organised by the king Janaka in which the Brahmins of the Kurus and Panchalas were invited. He is mentioned in the texts Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Satapatha Brahmana.
Artabhaga was an Indian philosopher who participated in the Bahudakshina Yajna organised by the King Janaka of Mithila at his court. He was a Vedic sage in the line of Jaratkāru.
Bahudakshina Yajna was a famous scholarly Yajna organised by the King Janaka of Mithila at his court. It was organised in order to find the best Brahmagyaani or Brahma-nishtha or the greatest scholar of Vedas among the participating Brahmin scholars in the Yajna at the court. It is mentioned in the Indian philosophical text Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.
Brahmistha is a Sanskrit word used for denoting the highest Vedic scholar. The word Brahmistha is found in the Vedic literatures. A Brahmin who has attained the greatest knowledge of Vedas is called as Brahmistha. The word Brahmistha is also defined as "the best knower of Brahman".
Kahoda was a Vedic sage in the Mithila Kingdom of the ancient Indian subcontinent. He was an Acharya of Vedas in the Mithila region. He was the father of the famous Indian philosopher Ashtavakra.
Ushasta was a Vedic sage at the court of King Janaka in Mithila. He was the fourth Brahmin scholar at the court of King Janaka, who debated with the sage Yajnavalkya during the occasion of the Bahudakshina Yajna.
References
- ↑ Mandlik, AA. "A Morphological Study of Kalidasa's Raghuvansham, Canto II" (PDF). languageinindia.com.
- ↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2015-02-23). "Yajnavalkya and Vidagdha [Section IX]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ↑ "Upanishads". upanishads.org.in. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ↑ Potter, Karl. The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. p. 4.
- ↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2017-01-29). "Shakalya, Sākalya, Śākalya, Sakalya: 16 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
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