The Cultural Revolution,formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Though it failed to achieve its main objectives,the Cultural Revolution marked the effective return of Mao to the center of power in China after his political sidelining,in the aftermath of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Chinese Famine.
The Socialist Education Movement,also known as the Four Cleanups Movement was a 1963–1965 movement launched by Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China. Mao sought to remove reactionary elements within the bureaucracy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),saying that "governance is also a process of socialist education."
Shantou,alternately romanized as Swatow and sometimes known as Santow,is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong,China,with a total population of 5,502,031 as of the 2020 census and an administrative area of 2,248.39 square kilometres (868.11 sq mi). However,its built-up area is much bigger with 12,543,024 inhabitants including Rongcheng and Jiedong districts,Jiexi county and Puning city in Jieyang plus all of Chaozhou city largely conurbated. This is de facto the 5th built-up area in mainland China between Hangzhou-Shaoxing,Xian-Xianyang and Tianjin.
Li Yaotang,better known by his pen name Ba Jin or his courtesy name Li Feigan,was a Chinese anarchist,translator,and writer. In addition to his impact on Chinese literature,he also wrote three original works in Esperanto,and as a political activist he wrote The Family.
The Shanghai Revolutionary Committee was a revolutionary committee that had administered the city of Shanghai,People's Republic of China between 1967 and 1979. It was established on 24 February 1967,following the collapse of the Shanghai People's Commune during the Cultural Revolution,and replaced the former Shanghai Municipal Committee following its overthrow in the January Storm. The revolutionary committee was the first of its kind in China,and employed a "triple alliance" model where military personnel,revolutionary cadres,and the revolutionary masses jointly administered the government. Zhang Chunqiao is the committee's first chairman,while Peng Chong was its last chairman. The committee was eventually disbanded during reforms in December 1979,when the Shanghai Municipal People's Government was reintroduced.
The Ten Great Buildings are ten public buildings that were built in Beijing in 1959,to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. They were part of an architecture and urbanism initiative of Chairman Mao's Great Leap Forward;most of the buildings were largely completed in a time span of ten months,by the deadline of 1 October 1959. In addition to the construction of these buildings,there was also an expansion of Tiananmen square,and a campaign of art commissions to decorate the majority of the buildings by the time of their completion. Two subsequent art campaigns for these buildings were conducted in 1961,and 1964–1965.
The Daoxian massacre,or Dao County massacre,was a massacre which took place during the Cultural Revolution in Dao County,Hunan as well as ten other nearby counties and cities. From August 13 to October 17,1967,a total of 7,696 people were killed while 1,397 people were forced to commit suicide. An additional 2,146 people were permanently injured and disabled. Most of the victims were labelled as "class enemies",belonging to the Five Black Categories,while at least 14,000 people participated in the massacre. The Daoxian massacre had a direct impact on the Shaoyang County Massacre in 1968.
Luolong District is a district of the city of Luoyang,Henan province,China.
The designation "national first-grade museum" is the highest classification for museums in China,as determined by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH).
The Guangxi Massacre,or the Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre,was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The official record shows an estimated death toll of 100,000 to 150,000. Methods of slaughter included beheading,beating,live burial,stoning,drowning,boiling,and disemboweling.
Red August is a term used to indicate a period of political violence and massacres in Beijing beginning in August 1966,during the Cultural Revolution. According to official statistics published in 1980 after the end of the Cultural Revolution,Red Guards in Beijing killed a total of 1,772 people during Red August,while 33,695 homes were ransacked and 85,196 families were forcibly displaced. However,according to official statistics published in November 1985,the number of deaths in Beijing during Red August was 10,275.
The Daxing Massacre,also known as the Daxing Incident (大兴事件),was part of the Red August massacre in Beijing during the early Cultural Revolution. It took place in Daxing District of Beijing from August 27 to 31,primarily targeting members of the Five Black Categories. In total,325 people were killed in the massacre by September 1,1966;the oldest killed was 80 years old,while the youngest was only 38 days old;22 families were wiped out.
The Shaoyang County Massacre,also known as the "Black Killing Wind" Incident,was a massacre in Shaoyang County of Hunan Province during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. According to the official statistics in 1974,from July to September of 1968,a total of 11,177 people were arrested with 7,781 imprisoned and 113 permanently disabled,while the death toll of the massacre was 991,including 699 who were forced to commit suicide. However,some researchers argue that thousands of people died in the massacre.
Boluan Fanzheng refers to a period of significant sociopolitical reforms starting with the accession of Deng Xiaoping to the paramount leadership in China,replacing Hua Guofeng,who had been appointed as Mao Zedong's successor before Mao's death in 1976. During this period,a far-reaching program of reforms was undertaken by Deng and his allies to "correct the mistakes of the Cultural Revolution",and restore order in the country. The start of the Boluan Fanzheng period is regarded as an inflection point in Chinese history,with its cultural adjustments later proven to be the bedrock upon which the parallel economic reform and opening up could take place. As such,aspects of market capitalism were successfully introduced to the Chinese economy,giving rise to a period of growth often characterized as one of the most impressive economic achievements in human history.
The Ruijin Massacre was a series of massacres that took place in Ruijin and nearby counties in Jiangxi Province during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. From September 23 to early October,1968,over 1,000 people were killed in the Ruijin Massacre;specifically,over 300 people were killed in Ruijin County,around 270 were killed in Xingguo County,and over 500 in Yudu County.
The Guangdong Cultural Revolution Massacre was a series of massacres that took place in Guangdong Province of China during the Cultural Revolution. There were 80 counties in Guangdong during the Cultural Revolution,and according to the 57 county annals which became available during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period,massacres occurred in 28 of the counties with six counties recording a death toll of over 1,000—the average death toll among all the 28 counties was 278. The massacre in Yangjiang was the most serious,with over 2,600 deaths in Yangchun County alone. In addition,massacres also occurred in some cities of Guangdong;in the capital city Guangzhou,for example,the massacre targeting the prisoners of Laogai resulted in the deaths of at least 187–197 people within a week of August 1967.
The Tashan Scenic Area,literally translated to "Pagoda Mountain Scenic Spot",or Tashan Scenic Zone,is a scenic spot located in Tucheng Village,Lianshang Town,Chenghai District,Shantou City,covering an area of 3,200 mus. The area is known as Tayuan (塔园),or Tower Park,and was opened to the public in 1990. Including the later-closed Cultural Revolution Museum,it contained 25 scenic spots related to the Cultural Revolution. One side of the mountain has a 900-year-old temple.
Peng Qi'an is a retired Chinese municipal official and survivor of the Chinese Cultural Revolution who founded a museum in Shantou to commemorate the victims of the revolution,which opened in 2005. He continued to serve as its volunteer curator. The museum was closed in 2016.
The Taizhou Museum,also known as Taizhou City Museum,abbreviated as Tai Bo,is a comprehensive municipal museum in Taizhou City,Zhejiang Province,China. It had a trial opening on July 1,2016,and officially opened on July 12. The museum is located at 168 Aihua Road,Jiaojiang District,Taizhou City,and is divided into four levels. The permanent exhibitions include 'Shanhun Haipo' (山魂海魄) showcasing Taizhou's historical and cultural heritage,and 'Dadi Qinghuai' (大地情怀) focusing on Taizhou's folk culture.
