Shugoshin 1

SGO1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3FGA, 3Q6S, 4A0I
Identifiers
Aliases	SGO1 , NY-BR-85, SGO, Sgo1, CAID, SGOL1, shugoshin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 609168; MGI: 1919665; HomoloGene: 23642; GeneCards: SGO1; OMA:SGO1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human) [1] Band 3p24.3 Start 20,160,593 bp [1] End 20,186,206 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse) [2] Band 17|17 C Start 53,981,814 bp [2] End 53,996,361 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad ventricular zone buccal mucosa cell testicle ganglionic eminence bone marrow cell secondary oocyte stromal cell of endometrium appendix mucosa of transverse colon Top expressed in yolk sac tail of embryo genital tubercle secondary oocyte zygote embryo ventricular zone blastocyst otic vesicle embryo More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function kinase binding protein binding Cellular component centrosome spindle pole chromosome microtubule organizing center chromosome, centromeric region cytoskeleton nucleus kinetochore condensed chromosome, centromeric region cytoplasm nucleoplasm cytosol Biological process chromosome segregation meiotic chromosome segregation cell division cell cycle attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore centriole-centriole cohesion mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 151648 72415 Ensembl ENSG00000129810 ENSMUSG00000023940 UniProt Q5FBB7 Q9CXH7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001012409 NM_001012410 NM_001012411 NM_001012412 NM_001012413 NM_001199251 NM_001199252 NM_001199253 NM_001199254 NM_001199255 NM_001199256 NM_001199257 NM_138484 NM_028232 RefSeq (protein) NP_001012409 NP_001012410 NP_001012411 NP_001012412 NP_001012413 NP_001186180 NP_001186181 NP_001186182 NP_001186183 NP_001186184 NP_001186185 NP_001186186 NP_612493 NP_082508 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 20.16 – 20.19 Mb Chr 17: 53.98 – 54 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Shugoshin 1 or Shugoshin-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGO1 gene. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

Mechanisms

A physical mechanism that guarantees the accurate segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis arises from the ring shaped cohesin complex consisting of 4 subunits (SMC1A/B, SMC3, SCC1, and SA1/2 in humans). This complex encircles the two sister chromatids and resists the pulling force of microtubules. ^[8] The characteristic X-shape chromosomes are formed due to the centromeric cohesin protected by Shugoshin-PP2A complex. ^[9]

Kinetochore localization of Sgo1-PP2A is dependent upon phosphorylation on histone H2A of nucleosome, which is the important substrate of spindle checkpoint kinase BUB1. ^[10] Centromeric cohesin and H2A-pT120 specify two distinct pools of Sgo1-PP2A at inner centromeres and kinetochores respectively, ^[11] while the CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylation on Sgo1 is essential for Sgo1-PP2A to protect centromeric cohesin, not only for bringing PP2A to cohesin, ^[12] but also physically shield out the negative regulator WAPAL from cohesin. ^[13]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129810 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023940 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
6. Scanlan MJ, Gout I, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Stockert E, Gure AO, Jäger D, Chen YT, Mackay A, O'Hare MJ, Old LJ (Mar 2001). "Humoral immunity to human breast cancer: antigen definition and quantitative analysis of mRNA expression". Cancer Immunity. 1: 4. PMID   12747765.
7. "Entrez Gene: SGOL1 shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe)".
8. Nasmyth K, Haering CH (2009). "Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms". Annual Review of Genetics. 43: 525–58. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134233. PMID   19886810.
9. Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y (May 2006). "Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin". Nature. 441 (7089): 46–52. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...46K. doi:10.1038/nature04663. PMID   16541025. S2CID   4425074.
10. Kawashima SA, Yamagishi Y, Honda T, Ishiguro K, Watanabe Y (Jan 2010). "Phosphorylation of H2A by Bub1 prevents chromosomal instability through localizing shugoshin". Science. 327 (5962): 172–7. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..172K. doi:10.1126/science.1180189. PMID   19965387. S2CID   41673818.
11. Liu H, Jia L, Yu H (Oct 2013). "Phospho-H2A and cohesin specify distinct tension-regulated Sgo1 pools at kinetochores and inner centromeres". Current Biology. 23 (19): 1927–33. Bibcode:2013CBio...23.1927L. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.078 . PMID   24055156.
12. Liu H, Rankin S, Yu H (Jan 2013). "Phosphorylation-enabled binding of SGO1-PP2A to cohesin protects sororin and centromeric cohesion during mitosis". Nature Cell Biology. 15 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1038/ncb2637. PMC   3531828 . PMID   23242214.
13. Hara K, Zheng G, Qu Q, Liu H, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Tomchick DR, Yu H (Oct 2014). "Structure of cohesin subcomplex pinpoints direct shugoshin-Wapl antagonism in centromeric cohesion". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (10): 864–70. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2880. PMC   4190070 . PMID   25173175.

Further reading

• Wang X, Dai W (Oct 2005). "Shugoshin, a guardian for sister chromatid segregation". Experimental Cell Research. 310 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.018. PMID   16112668.
• Fu G, Ding X, Yuan K, Aikhionbare F, Yao J, Cai X, Jiang K, Yao X (Jul 2007). "Phosphorylation of human Sgo1 by NEK2A is essential for chromosome congression in mitosis". Cell Research. 17 (7): 608–18. doi: 10.1038/cr.2007.55 . PMID   17621308.
• Pouwels J, Kukkonen AM, Lan W, Daum JR, Gorbsky GJ, Stukenberg T, Kallio MJ (Jul 2007). "Shugoshin 1 plays a central role in kinetochore assembly and is required for kinetochore targeting of Plk1". Cell Cycle. 6 (13): 1579–85. doi: 10.4161/cc.6.13.4442 . PMID   17617734.
• Fu G, Hua S, Ward T, Ding X, Yang Y, Guo Z, Yao X (Jun 2007). "D-box is required for the degradation of human Shugoshin and chromosome alignment". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 357 (3): 672–8. Bibcode:2007BBRC..357..672F. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.204. PMID   17448445.
• Yang Y, Wang X, Dai W (Apr 2006). "Human Sgo1 is an excellent target for induction of apoptosis of transformed cells". Cell Cycle. 5 (8): 896–901. doi: 10.4161/cc.5.8.2691 . PMID   16628005.
• Tang Z, Shu H, Qi W, Mahmood NA, Mumby MC, Yu H (May 2006). "PP2A is required for centromeric localization of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation". Developmental Cell. 10 (5): 575–85. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.010 . PMID   16580887.
• Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y (May 2006). "Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin". Nature. 441 (7089): 46–52. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...46K. doi:10.1038/nature04663. PMID   16541025. S2CID   4425074.
• McGuinness BE, Hirota T, Kudo NR, Peters JM, Nasmyth K (Mar 2005). "Shugoshin prevents dissociation of cohesin from centromeres during mitosis in vertebrate cells". PLOS Biology. 3 (3): e86. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030086 . PMC   1054882 . PMID   15737064.
• Kitajima TS, Hauf S, Ohsugi M, Yamamoto T, Watanabe Y (Feb 2005). "Human Bub1 defines the persistent cohesion site along the mitotic chromosome by affecting Shugoshin localization". Current Biology. 15 (4): 353–9. Bibcode:2005CBio...15..353K. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.044 . PMID   15723797. S2CID   18249910.
• Tang Z, Sun Y, Harley SE, Zou H, Yu H (Dec 2004). "Human Bub1 protects centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion through Shugoshin during mitosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (52): 18012–7. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10118012T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0408600102 . PMC   539817 . PMID   15604152.