Skyrora Ltd is a British private space company based in Glasgow, Scotland,[2] since 2017, while its design and manufacturing facility is in Cumbernauld.[3]
In August 2018, Skyrora successfully conducted Scotland's first commercial rocket launch by a private company at Kildermorie Estate in Ross-shire.[13][14] The company launched the 1.3-metre-tall Skylark Nano rocket using an M class model rocketry motor in August 2018 and the 2-metre-tall Skylark Nano II rocket using a Cesaroni M-1520BS model rocketry motor in July 2019.[15][16][17] The rockets are all built and assembled in the United Kingdom.[18] If successful, Skyrora will mark the first British satellite launch vehicle since Black Arrow in 1971.
In 2019, Skyrora was awarded the CleanTech award at the Go:Tech Awards 2019. In 2020, Skyrora received the Leif Erikson Lunar Prize Award for its innovative project ‘Ecosene’.[19][20]
In 2020, the company got the status of the Company of a Year in Aerospace & Defense among mid-size companies by Stevie Awards, Inc. after participating in Space Camp accelerator programmes from Seraphim Capital.[21][5]
In 2020, during the Aviation & Aerospace Awards 2020, Skyrora won the ‘Best Small Satellite Launch Vehicle Manufacturer Award’.[22]
In May 2020, Skyrora held a successful static fire test of the Skylark L vehicle at a mobile launch site on Kildermorie Estate in Ross-shire.[23]
On 30 March 2022, Skyrora won the Best Innovation in Business award from the Midlothian & East Lothian Chamber of Commerce.[27]
Skyrora aims to launch its first three-stage Skyrora XL rocket from SaxaVord spaceport.[28]
On May 26, 2022, Skyrora has completed a 70kN hot-fire test for its 3D printed rocket engine, which will be used in the company's XL launch vehicle.[29]
On March 15, 2022, Skyrora announced the opening of a new rocket engine testing facility in Midlothian, Scotland, occupying an area of over 120,000 square feet. The site will host a team of up to 20 engineers once the testing site is running at full capacity.[30][31]
In July 2022, Skyrora opened a new manufacturing and production facility in Cumbernauld, Scotland. The site appears to be the largest of its kind in the UK.[32][33]
In August 2022, Skyrora submitted its application to the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to receive the licence required for commercial spaceflight activities. The launch operator licence will allow Skyrora to undertake its planned orbital launches in 2023.[34][35]
In July 2023, Skyrora hosted the meeting for the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program’s Made-3D project at the company’s engine manufacturing facility outside of Glasgow.[36][37]
In October 2023, The European Space Agency awarded Skyrora, Viasat, and CGI a €300,000 (£259,000) contract to demonstrate a telemetry relay system in space.[38][39]
On 21 November 2023, Skyrora and Spirit AeroSystems announced a collaboration on orbital launch capability to boost its domestic rocket design and manufacturing. Under the agreement, Skyrora granted Spirit access to Skyprint 2, the state-of-the-art hybrid 3D printer employed by Skyrora for additive manufacturing engines.[40][41][42][43]
In June 2024, Skyrora applied for a launch operator license for launches from SaxaVord Spaceport. The company submitted an Assessment of Environmental Effects (AEE) as part of the application process.[44][45][46]
On 11 September 2024, Skyrora signed the "Statement for a Responsible Space Sector" initiated by ESA to promote a responsible and sustainable approach to space activities, focusing on protecting the environment and ensuring long-term benefits.[47][48]
In October 2024, Skyrora, in partnership with Viasat and CGI, completed a ground test of InRange, a space-based telemetry relay system to ensure continuous data transmission for launch vehicles. This InRange telemetry relay test was a first for the UK commercial space industry.[49][50][51]
Education
The company organised a graduate placement program in 2021 to help the graduates and young talents to get into the sector. They offered technical positions for students and summer internships.[52]
Skyrora helped fund the retrieval of the first stages of Black Arrow R2 and R3 and provided sponsorship for the UKSEDS programme.[53][54]
Ecological fuel
Skyrora has upgraded its kerosene made of unrecyclable waste plastic to be used as rocket fuel – Ecosene. The new fuel is said to produce 45 percent less greenhouse gas than traditional fuel. In February 2020, Skyrora has already used the fuel to fire its LEO engine for the final stage of Skyrora XL rocket at their engine test complex.[55][56][57]
Skyrora started to use 3D printers to manufacture various rocketry components as a sustainable methodology of production.[7]
Rockets
Skylark Nano III StartSkylark Micro start
Skylark Nano
The Skylark Nano was launched in 2020 as an unguided supersonic rocket designed for simulating a launch to then be recovered with the use of parachutes. Neither a control system nor a thrust vector control system is required.
It has been launched three times as part of Skyrora's de-risking programme in the Scottish Highlands. Following launches in 2018 and 2019, the rocket has reached an altitude of 6km during the most recent test in Shetland.[15][16][58][59]
Skylark Micro
The Skylark Micro is a two-stage supersonic rocket designed as an intermediate step between Skylark Nano and Skylark L. It was flown in August 2020, reaching an altitude of 27km.[60][61][62][63]
Skylark L
Skylark L static fire test
The Skylark L suborbital launch vehicle is the first Skyrora rocket to use a 3D printed hydrogen peroxide–kerosene engine.[64]
Skylark L was developed to launch 60kg of payload 100km up.[66]
This rocket was subject to a full static fire test in May 2020 at the Kildermorie Estate in Alness, Scotland, which was the first ground rocket test in Scotland in 50 years.[23][67]
On 8 October 2022[68] the Skylark L rocket attempted a suborbital test flight mission from Langanes (Iceland) launch site. Intended apogee was 102km (63mi). The vehicle experienced an anomaly shortly after lift-off, landing in the sea 500 m from the pad.
Skyrora XL
The Skyrora XL is a three-stageorbital launch vehicle under development with nine hydrogen peroxide–kerosene engines of the same type used in Skylark L. The first flight will take place no earlier than 2025-2026.[69] It is expected that the rocket will be able to bring a payload of 315 kg to a Sun-synchronous or Polar orbit.[70]
Skyrora has successfully tested a final stage rocket engine in its first stationary ground-firings. In April 2021, the company successfully tested the upper stage of the Skyrora XL rocket and completed a static fire test in its engine development complex in Fife.[67][71] Hot-fire tests of the first stage are scheduled to take place no earlier than late 2024.[72][73]
The company has successfully tested several types of engines in 2020 and 2021:
Skylark L Engine, a three-tonne regeneratively cooled bi-liquid rocket engine with a pressure fed system capable of generating 30kN thrust.[76]
Skyforce-2, a seven-tonne engine for the first and second stage of the orbital Skyrora XL launch vehicle that uses what Skyrora refers to as "advanced turbopump techniques". It is capable of creating 70kN thrust.[77][78]
LEO engine for Skyrora XL running on hydrogen peroxide and kerosene and producing 3.5kN thrust, but it has also passed the successful test with Ecosene fuel. The engine is able to re-ignite several times.[79][80]
Space Tug, a vehicle that can navigate to any location in open space using its own power and perform multiple manoeuvres in space, which would be useful to remove space debris and maintain or replace satellites in orbit. The upper stage/tug engine was successfully tested in December 2020 and included three static firings of the engine and involved a full flight-ready test involving software and avionics employed in an actual launch. The test was performed at its test site in Fife.[81][82][83][6][84]
Black Arrow, officially capitalised BLACK ARROW, was a British satellite expendable launch system.
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↑ Thompson, Alan (13–14 May 2024). Skyrora - ICAO(PDF). Workshop on New Entrants Integration in the NAT Region (2024). Paris: ICAO. p.5. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
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