Slender West Lake | |
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瘦西湖 (Chinese) | |
![]() The Bridge of Twenty-Fours (二十四桥) at Slender West Lake (2017) | |
Location | Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu |
Coordinates | 32°24′36″N119°25′03″E / 32.41000°N 119.41750°E |
Type | Lake |
Website | ly.shouxihu.net |
Slender West Lake | |||||||||
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![]() The dagoba and Five-Pavilion Bridge (2017) | |||||||||
Chinese | 瘦西湖 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Skinny West Lake | ||||||||
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Slender West Lake Scenic Area | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 揚州 瘦西湖 風景區 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 扬州 瘦西湖 风景区 | ||||||||
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Historical names | |||||||||
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Paoshan Creek | |||||||||
Chinese | 炮山河 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Artillery Hill Creek | ||||||||
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Changchun Creek | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 長春河 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 长春河 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Eternal Spring Creek | ||||||||
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Baoyang Creek | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 保揚河 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 保扬河 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Yangzhou-Protecting Creek | ||||||||
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Baozhang Creek | |||||||||
Chinese | 保障河 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Protecting Creek | ||||||||
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Baozhang Lake | |||||||||
Chinese | 保障湖 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Protecting Lake | ||||||||
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Slender West Lake,also known by its Chinese name Shouxihu and by other names,is a scenic lake in Hanjiang District in central Yangzhou,China. The lake developed from the city moats of Tang-era Yangzhou. During the Qing dynasty,its banks were the site of numerous estates for the area's wealthy officials and salt merchants. The lake and some of its attractions have been restored as a national park and AAAAA tourist attraction,requiring a ticket for admission and open only from 7 am to 6 pm. [1]
In medieval and early modern China,the present Slender West Lake was described as a stretch of river variously known as Paoshan,Changchun,Baoyang,or Baozhang Creek. The area was popularly known as the Slender West Lake by the late 17th century,when the name was recorded in the treatise Yángzhōu GǔchuīCíxù( t 《揚州 鼓吹 詞 序》, s 《扬州 鼓吹 词 序》) compiled by Wu Qi ( t 吳 綺 , s 吴 绮 ,WúQǐ;1619–1694). [a] It was further popularized in the 1736 poem "On Baozhang Creek" (《咏 保障河》,Yǒng Bǎozhàng Hé) written by the Hangzhou native Wang Hang ( 汪 沆 ,Wāng Hàng,1704–1784) during a visit to Yangzhou. [2] Wang had been the student of Li E,who had just completed his own work on the West Lake Records (《西湖 志》,XīhúZhì) detailing the history of the area around Hangzhou's West Lake [3] and Wang's short ode praised the town as similarly prosperous and attractive. [b]
Slender West Lake is located between Hanjiang and Guangling districts in the center of modern Yangzhou in central Jiangsu in eastern China. Originally part of the moats,canals,and streams around the older locations of Yangzhou,it lies above the northwestern corner of the city's Song,Ming,and Qing fortifications. [4] The lake proper runs from Baozhang Lake at the north to the remains of the Qing moat at the south. The Slender West Lake Scenic Area includes Baozhang Lake and some islands and additional waterways to the west.
The present lake runs for 3.4 km (2.1 mi) and covers about 30 ha (0.12 sq mi). The scenic area around it covers at least 120 ha (0.46 sq mi). [5]
The lake lies on the opposite side of the old city from the course of the Grand Canal to its east. It is nevertheless interconnected with it by streams along its entire length:by Baozhang Lake and the modern extent of the Han or Hangou Canal ( t 邗 溝 , s 邗 沟 ,Hángōu) on the north;by Cao or Caohe Creek ( 漕 河 ,Cáo Hé) in the middle;and by Yudai Creek ( t 玉 帶 河 , s 玉 带 河 ,Yùdài Hé) or by Erdao Creek ( 二 道 河 ,Èrdào Hé),Lotus Pond Park,and Andun Creek ( 安 墩 河 ,Āndūn Hé) on the south.
Despite Yangzhou's centuries of prosperity as a major hub on the Grand Canal,the area around Slender West Lake was not particularly built up until the Qianlong Era of the Qing,the mid-1700s. The area had been greatly damaged with the rest of city by the Qing conquest and the Yangzhou Massacre in May 1645. [1] Under the Qing,however,the great wealth of the area's canal officials and salt merchants was used to construct lavish private residences and gardens [6] along with nationally renowned restaurants and teahouses [7] and decoration intended to welcome Qing emperors and officials,particularly the Qianlong Emperor. The lake was dredged and enlarged to handle the imperial entourage,particularly during his second visit in 1757. [8] Several major landmarks self-consciously emulate features of other locations. [9] The area was heavily damaged during the Taiping Rebellion in the 1850s and 1860s,but was a particular focus of rebuilding afterwards.
The lake was thoroughly dredged in 1979,allowing boats to again reach the Daming Temple [5] in time for a long-planned bit of cultural diplomacy whereby the Tōshōdai-ji in Nara,Japan,allowed its 8th century sculpture of the monk and missionary Jianzhen to be temporarily exhibited at his original temple in mainland China. The lake was designated a national park in 1988. [5]
A long bank planted with weeping willows follows the lake. At its midpoint stands a square terrace with pavilions at each of the corners and one in the center. Around the lake is a park in which are found several attractions:Xu Garden,the White Dagoba of Lianxing Temple,copied from the similar tower in Beijing's Beihai Park;Five-Pavilion Bridge;Small Gold Mountain (Xiao Jinshan);and the Fishing Platform (Diaoyu Tai),a favorite retreat of the Qianlong Emperor. The emperor was so gratified by his luck in fishing at this spot that he ordered additional stipends for the town. As it turns out,his success had been augmented by local swimmers who lurked in the lake busily attaching fish to his hook. The present Bridge of 24s (Ershisi Qiao or Niansi Qiao) is not located in its original place and probably derives from confusion with the 24 bridges recorded in Yangzhou under the Tang,the confusion arising from the general lack of distinction between singular and plural forms in Chinese. [10]
Wang Hang's poem remains a point of pride for the city and the area remains a major tourist attraction. However,Zhu Ziqing found the comparison with Hangzhou ill taken;by comparison,he found the slenderness of the lake offputting despite enjoying Yangzhou's many canals. [11] [12]
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The West Lake is a freshwater lake in Hangzhou, China. Situated to the west of Hangzhou's former walled city, the lake has a surface area of 6.39 km2 (2.47 sq mi), stretching 3.2 km (2.0 mi) from north to south and 2.8 km (1.7 mi) from east to west. In the lake are four causeways, three artificial islands, and the Gushan, the only natural island. Gentle hills surround the lake on its north, west, and south sides, with the Leifeng and Baochu pagodas standing in pair on the south and north banks. Several famous temples are nestled in the mountains west of the lake, including the temples of Lingying and Jingci.
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Yangzhou is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, East China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Its population was 4,559,797 at the 2020 census and its urban area is home to 2,635,435 inhabitants, including three urban districts, currently in the agglomeration.
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Li E, courtesy name Taihong (太鴻), haoFanxie (樊榭), was a Qing dynasty Chinese poet, essayist, and scholar. Known for his erudition and his poems of the "pure and spare" style, Li is recognized as one of the leaders of the Zhejiang School of poetry.
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Xu Garden, also known by its Chinese name of Xuyuan, Xu Yuan, or Xuyuan Garden, is a Chinese garden in Slender West Lake National Park in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, China. It is particularly noted for its views and for the interior woodwork of its pavilions.
The Five-Pavilion Bridge, also known as the Lotus Bridge and by other names, is a covered stone arch footbridge in the Slender West Lake National Park in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, in Jiangsu, China. It is one of the Four Bridges in Misty Rain, one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing, and has become a landmark of the city.
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