South Australian Register

Last updated

The paper's masthead on 31 December 1928 Masthead 'The Register' 31 Dec 1928.png
The paper's masthead on 31 December 1928

The Register, originally the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, and later South Australian Register, was South Australia's first newspaper. It was first published in London in June 1836, moved to Adelaide in 1837, and folded into The Advertiser almost a century later in February 1931.

Contents

The newspaper was the sole primary source for almost all information about the settlement and early history of South Australia. It documented shipping schedules, legal history and court records at a time when official records were not kept. [1] According to the National Library of Australia, its pages contain "one hundred years of births, deaths, marriages, crime, building history, the establishment of towns and businesses, political and social comment". [1]

All issues are freely available online, via Trove.

History

Front page of Vol 1, No 2 (3 June 1837) of the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register. South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register - 2nd issue, 3 June 1837.jpg
Front page of Vol 1, No 2 (3 June 1837) of the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register.

The Register was conceived by Robert Thomas, a law stationer, who had purchased for his family 134 acres (54 ha) of land in the proposed South Australian province after being impressed by the ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield. [2] The first issue (printed by William Clowes & Sons, Duke-street, Stamford-street, Lambeth, London), [3] appeared in London on 18 June 1836 with his friend and partner, George Stevenson, as editor. Thomas embarked for South Australia aboard the Africaine later that year, arriving on 10 November 1836 with his family and equipment to set up a printing plant. [4] It was six months before the first colonial edition of The Register was printed on 3 June 1837 in a small mud hut on Town Acre No. 56 [5] in Hindley Street, near what is now named Register Place. (The colloquialism "mud hut" would seem to be an understatement for a substantial pisé building in which was operated a demy Stanhope press, an ancient wooden press, and racks holding "half a ton of bourgeois and brevier type, a good fount of small pica for printing official documents, and a quantity of general jobbing type" [3] with all the other requirements for editing, setting up, printing and distributing an admittedly small circulation newspaper.)

From the start, the paper asserted a strongly independent stance. [2] Stevenson's style was vigorous and provocative, making himself and The Register several enemies. [6] His opposition to Colonel William Light's choice of site for the new capital and J.H. Fisher as Resident Commissioner, led them and others to found the Southern Australian in direct competition with The Register. [6] The paper's antagonism of Governor Gawler led to The Register losing government business notably the South Australian Government Gazette . The printers Thomas & Co. had disengaged themselves from editorial content in June 1839 in a vain attempt to protect their monopoly [7] and lost about £1,650 a year. [2] His protest that he was authorised by the British Government to do its printing failed and, insolvent, he sold the paper for £600 to James Allen (previously editor of the South Australian Magazine) [8] in 1842, as Stevenson withdrew from journalism.

Thomas also published the weekly Adelaide Chronicle and South Australian Literary Record (10 December 1839 – 18 May 1842).

John Stephens, who had in 1843 founded The Adelaide Observer , in 1845 purchased The Register. [9] Anthony Forster became part owner in 1848; With the death of Stephens in 1850, his share was taken over by John Taylor. [10] Forster's share was taken over by Joseph Fisher in 1853, then sold to John Howard Clark in 1865. [11]

The paper, having been printed sporadically previously, became weekly in June 1838 and later twice-weekly from February 1843. By 1840, The Register employed a staff of 21. These were an editor, three pressmen, ten compositors, two binders, a collector, a clerk, delivery man and two boys. One of its compositors also acted as sub-editor. [12] Its circulation by 1840 was 900.

On 1 January 1850, it became a daily publication, and three years later the paper was bought back by Thomas's son William Kyffin Thomas as part of South Australia's first media syndicate with Anthony Forster, Edward William Andrews and Joseph Fisher. [2] They also purchased its weekly sister publication, The Adelaide Observer, and established The Evening Journal (January 1869 – September 1912) which morphed into The Journal (October 1912 – July 1923) which then became The News . Its Saturday edition was called The Saturday Journal (July 1923 – April 1929).

The Register outlasted many competitors throughout its long history, holding a monopoly on the market at various stages, but it ultimately met its match in The Advertiser . The Advertiser, founded in 1858, first emerged as a serious challenger to the paper in the 1870s. The defining move which swung Adelaide readership from the conservative Register to the more egalitarian Advertiser was the latter's dramatic price reduction from 2d. to 1d., and hiring an army of canvassers, on commission, to peddle the paper. The Register was slow to respond, the Advertiser started putting its circulation figures on the masthead. By the time the Register cut its price the die was cast. [13] The Advertiser bought out The Register and closed it down in February 1931 after the Great Depression had severely reduced its fortunes, forcing it to become largely pictorial. [1]

Chronology

Significant events in the newspaper's history are as follows:

Year Event [14] [15]
1836Volume 1, issue 1 was printed in London by Clowes and Sons for Robert Thomas and George Stevenson on 18 June.

The proclamation of government in South Australia was printed for the governor on 30 December – the first printing job in the new province.

1837The press was moved to Acre 56, 37 Hindley Street (just west of Morphett Street) on 1 June.

The South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register volume 1, issue 2 is published on 3 June 1837. Although subscribers were promised weekly publication, subsequent issues were published on 8 July, 29 July, 12 August, 16 September, 4 October, 19 October and 11 November. Price: 6 pence per issue.

1838?Robert Thomas's son, William Kyffin Thomas, began work for the paper, aged 16.
1839The South Australian Government rescinded Robert Thomas's right to publish The South Australian Government Gazette on 15 June. The paper was renamed The South Australian Register. Price was raised to 1 shilling (12 pence) per issue.
1840Thomas and Stevenson purchased the copyright and equipment of The Adelaide Chronicle from William Caddy Cox. The newly incorporated newspaper, The Chronicle , edited by James Frederick Bennett, was published on Wednesdays. The South Australian Register was published on Saturdays.

Early in the year, the newspaper was enlarged from 6 pages to 8. On 29 August the page size increased Demy to broadsheet.

1842The business was purchased by James Allen.
1843Premises moved to the corner of Rundle and King William Streets – the "Beehive Corner".

Publication increased to twice weekly.

1845The Register was purchased in June by John Stephens, who several years previously had acted as editor for some months. Concurrently Stephens's own newspaper, The Adelaide Observer , a weekly directed at regional South Australia, was published. Richard D. Hanson was his lawyer and occasional contributor.

The paper moved to larger premises in Hindley Street.

1848Anthony Forster became part-owner, but after a few months took no part in its running.
1850Daily publication began in January. About this time the price was reduced to 4 pence.

Stephens died on 28 November; publication was taken over by William Kyffin Thomas.

1851Charles Day was employed as a junior.
1853The paper was taken over by a syndicate of seven, which soon reduced to four: Forster, Joseph Fisher, E.W. Andrews and William Kyffin Thomas.
1854The paper moved from Hindley Street to Grenfell Street and a steam-powered press was installed.

Andrew Garran joined as editor; after 2 years he moved to Sydney.

1856? John Henry Barrow became co-editor about this time; he left in 1858 to become co-founder of The South Australian Advertiser .
1858 William Whitridge Roberts Whitridge succeeded Barrow; he died in 1861.
1860Robert Thomas died; editorship was taken over by John Taylor.

Gas lighting was installed, from their own generator until town gas was available.

1864Price reduced to 3 pence.
1865Fisher sold his share to John Howard Clark [11]
1868Sister newspaper Evening Journal began publication.
1870Format was changed from broadsheet to 8 pages of smaller size. Price was unchanged at 3 pence.
1877E.W. Andrews and J. Howard Clark died.

Charles Day, John Harvey Finlayson and Robert Kyffin Thomas, who were all involved with its production, were brought in as partners.

1878William Kyffin Thomas died.

Circulation reached 10,000.

1882Price was reduced to 2 pence.
1890C. Day retired from the partnership; Robert Kyffin Thomas took his place as commercial manager. [16]
1892A Knickerbocker printing press was installed. [17]

Price was reduced to 1 penny.

1897 William John Sowden, formerly of the Port Adelaide News and Kapunda Herald , became acting editor.
1899Sowden and Evan Kyffin Thomas joined the partnership. Sowden (later Sir William) was editor from 1899 to 1922. [18]
1900The newspaper's name was changed from South Australian Register to The Register.
1901A 3-decker Hoe press was installed [17]
1929The company was restructured as Register Newspapers Limited, with Evan Kyffin Thomas, C. Kyffin Thomas and Keith Murdoch as directors. [19]
1930The paper was renamed Register News-Pictorial.
1931Circulation, which had declined as a result of the Great Depression, was improving but the business was still unprofitable. The last issue was published on 20 February 1931 [20] and the following day the paper was incorporated with The Advertiser as The Advertiser and Register. The last issue under that name was published on 30 September.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>The Advertiser</i> (Adelaide) Newspaper in Adelaide, South Australia

The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. First published as a broadsheet named The South Australian Advertiser on 12 July 1858, it is currently a tabloid printed from Monday to Saturday. The Advertiser came under the ownership of Keith Murdoch in the 1950s, and the full ownership of Rupert Murdoch in 1987. It is a publication of Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd (ADV), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news. The head office was relocated from a former premises in King William Street, to a new News Corp office complex, known as Keith Murdoch House at 31 Waymouth Street.

The South Australian Company, also referred to as the South Australia Company, was formed in London on 9 October 1835, after the South Australia (Foundation) Act 1834 had established the new British Province of South Australia, with the South Australian Colonization Commission set up to oversee implementation of the Act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Morphett</span> Australian politician

Sir John Morphett was a South Australian pioneer, landowner and politician. His younger brother George Morphett was also an early settler in South Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Stevenson (editor)</span> South Australian journalist

George Stevenson was a pioneer South Australian newspaper editor and horticulturist. He came to Adelaide as private secretary to the first Governor of South Australia, John Hindmarsh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Thomas (newspaper proprietor)</span> Australian newspaper publisher (1781–1860)

Robert Thomas was a Welsh newspaper proprietor, printer and early settler of South Australia who was born on a farm 'Rhantregynwen', at Llanymynech, Powys, Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Kyffin Thomas</span>

Sir Robert Kyffin Thomas was a South Australian newspaper proprietor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Howard Clark</span>

John Howard Clark was editor of The South Australian Register from 1870 to 1877 and was responsible for its Echoes from the Bush column and closely associated with its Geoffry Crabthorn persona.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Fisher (Australian politician)</span> Australian politician

Joseph Fisher was a South Australian politician and newspaper proprietor born in Brighouse, Yorkshire.

The South Australian was a newspaper published in Adelaide, the capital of colonial South Australia from 2 June 1838 to 19 August 1851. Between 1838 and 1844, it was published as The Southern Australian.

William Kyffin Thomas was a newspaper proprietor in South Australia. William, the son of Robert Thomas, was born in Fleet Street, London and emigrated to South Australia with his father in 1836 on the Africaine. From that time until the day of his death, he was intimately associated with the fortunes of the South Australian Register, for the last twenty-five years of his life as one of the proprietors. To his industry and ability in the different capacities in which he acted was due to a large extent the high character and phenomenal success of the Register, and the weekly and afternoon journals issued from the same office—the Adelaide Observer and Evening Journal. The firm which conducted these papers bore the name of the subject, being known as W. K. Thomas & Co., and consisted of John Harvey Finlayson and Robert Kyffin Thomas, the latter being the elder son of William Kyffin Thomas, and grandson of the founder of the Register.

<i>The Southern Cross</i> (South Australia)

The Southern Cross is the official publication of the Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide. About 5000 copies are printed monthly and distributed to parishes, schools and agencies, besides an online version. It began in July 1889 as a weekly magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, for the Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide, and remained a weekly for most of its history. Its banner was subtitled A weekly record of Catholic, Irish and General Intelligence, and later Organ of the Catholic Church in South Australia. The current, non-print website version of the magazine also bears the name Southern Cross.

Charles Birks & Co Ltd. was a South Australian department store founded by Charles Napier Birks in Rundle Street, Adelaide. His son Napier Birks took over the business in 1908. The business was acquired by David Jones Limited in 1954.

<i>The Kapunda Herald</i> Local Kapunda, Sth Australia, newspaper (1878–1951)

The Kapunda Herald was a newspaper published in Kapunda, South Australia from 29 October 1864 to 25 January 1951. From 1864 to 1878 the masthead was subtitled "and Northern Intelligencer". It was published weekly, except for the period February 1872 to September 1894 when it appeared bi-weekly. When closed, the newspaper was merged with the Barossa News to become the Barossa and Light Herald.

The Australische Zeitung was a weekly German-language newspaper published in Tanunda, South Australia from 1860 until it ceased publication during World War I in 1916 due to anti-German sentiment. The newspaper also existed in a variety of earlier names or merged publications, reflecting the fluid nature of the newspaper industry in Victorian gold rush era colonial South Australia. The long history of German language Australian newspapers reflects the considerable German-speaking population which settled in South Australia in the nineteenth century.

The Adelaide Chronicle was an early publication in Adelaide, the capital of the then province of South Australia. It was published between 1839 and 1842, when it ceased publication as a result of the economic depression caused by the mass exodus of workers to the Victorian goldfields.

The Adelaide Times was an early newspaper founded by James Allen and printed in Adelaide, the capital of the then colony of South Australia. It was published between 2 October 1848 and 8 May 1858, and evolved through a series of names and publication frequencies, and closed due to uncertainty surrounding Allen's bankruptcy.

The South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register and South Australian Gazette and Mining Journal was a weekly publication in the colony of South Australia which included notices from and about the government between 1845 and 1852.

Henry Hussey was a pastor in the colonial days of South Australia, closely associated with the Christian Church on Bentham Street along with pastors Abbott, Finlayson and Playford. He was the author of several influential books on religious themes, and a memoir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bessie Anstice Baker</span> Australian writer

Elizabeth Anstice Baker was an Australian writer, philanthropist, and social reformer. Born into an Anglican family, she converted to Roman Catholicism and wrote a book about her religious journey, entitled A Modern Pilgrim's Progress. The book was widely read in Catholic circles and was translated into French. She received the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice medal from Pope Pius X in 1902, becoming the first Australian woman to be honored with this medal.

Nathaniel Hailes was an English journalist who had a considerable career in South Australia as a land agent and in administration. He contributed to various newspapers under the byline "Rifleman" and as "Timothy Short".

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Australia's most significant 'at risk' newspapers". National Library of Australia . Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  2. 1 2 3 4 S. Cockburn and Suzanne Edgar (1976). "Thomas, William Kyffin (1821–1878)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 6. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 263–264. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  3. 1 2 The Register's Fiftieth Anniversary South Australian Register 3 June 1887 p.6 accessed 6 June 2011
  4. ↑ "South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register". State Library of South Australia . Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  5. ↑ "The Daily Paper". The Register (Adelaide) . Vol. LXXV, no. 20, 000. South Australia. 17 December 1910. p. 8. Retrieved 25 March 2019– via National Library of Australia. Town Acre No. 56 had been purchased by Robert Thomas.
  6. 1 2 "Stevenson, George (1799–1856)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 2. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 1967. pp. 481–482. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  7. ↑ "Governor Gawler and the Press". Southern Australian . Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 24 November 1840. p. 4. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  8. ↑ "Notices of the Press". South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA : 1839–1900). Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 10 December 1842. p. 1. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  9. ↑ Publication notice South Australian Register 25 June 1845 accessed 26 September 2011
    Previous issue of 21 June Publication notice lists James Allen as proprietor.
  10. ↑ "The Late Mr. John Taylor". South Australian Register. Vol. XXIX, no. 5793. South Australia. 26 May 1865. p. 4. Retrieved 9 March 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  11. 1 2 "Fisher, Joseph" Australian Dictionary of Biography Online accessed 2 June 2011
  12. ↑ Mayer, Henry (1964). The Press in Australia (First ed.). Melbourne: Lansdowne Press. p. 188.
  13. ↑ "Along the Inky Way". The West Australian . Perth: National Library of Australia. 29 August 1936. p. 5. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  14. ↑ "Jubilee of South Australian journalism". South Australian Register . Vol. LII, no. 12, 653. (Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia – Trove digital newspaper archive). 3 June 1887. p. 6. Retrieved 10 August 2024For issues from 1836 to 1885.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  15. ↑ "Sketch of the history of The Register". South Australian Register . Vol. LXIX, no. 18, 106. (Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia – Trove digital newspaper archive). 23 November 1904. p. 9. Retrieved 10 August 2024For issues from 1886 to 1931.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  16. ↑ "Mr. Charles Day". South Australian Register. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 8 July 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  17. 1 2 The Register's New Printing Machinery The Register 11 March 1901 accessed 6 June 2011
  18. ↑ "Sir William Sowden Dead". The Advertiser . Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 11 October 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  19. ↑ The Register Brisbane Courier 24 December 1928 p. 12. Accessed 6 June 2011
  20. ↑ Last Issue of The Register on Friday The Register News-Pictorial 17 February 1931 p. 3. Accessed 6 July 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.