Sphaenorhynchus lacteus

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Sphaenorhynchus lacteus
Sphaenorhynchus lacteus.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Genus: Sphaenorhynchus
Species:S. lacteus
Binomial name
Sphaenorhynchus lacteus
(Daudin, 1800)
Synonyms [2]

Hyla lacteaDaudin, 1800
Hyla lacteaDaudin, 1801
Rana aurantiaShaw, 1802
Hyla aurantiacaDaudin, 1802
Sphaenorhynchus eurhostusRivero, 1969

Contents

Sphaenorhynchus lacteus, the Orinoco lime treefrog or greater hatchet-faced treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. [2] [3] It is a widely distributed species found in the Orinoco and Amazon basins in Venezuela, the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana), Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It also occurs in Trinidad and Tobago. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Frog Member of an order of vertebrates belonging to the amphibians, and comprising largely carnivorous, short-bodied, and tailless animals

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura. The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.

Hylidae family of amphibians

The Hylidae are a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.

Orinoco river in South America

The Orinoco River is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 kilometres (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers 880,000 square kilometres (340,000 sq mi), with 76.3 percent of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water. The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the llanos of Colombia. The environment in the Orinoco's basin is extremely diverse; it hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna.

Description

Adult males measure 26–42 mm (1.0–1.7 in) and females 38–46 mm (1.5–1.8 in) in snout–vent length. [3] The snout is pointed in dorsal view and angles sharply back when viewed laterally. [3] [6] The tympanum is visible. [3] The fingers are one-half to two-thirds webbed whereas the toes are fully webbed. [3] [6] The dorsum is bright green with dark brown canthal stripe. The venter and outer margins of the limbs are white whereas the ventral surfaces of the limbs are bluish green. [3] [6] The iris is pale creamy bronze. [6]

Tympanum (anatomy) external hearing structure in animals

The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects.

In snakes and amphibians, the canthus, canthal ridge or canthus rostralis, is the angle between the flat crown of the head and the side of the head between the eye and the snout, or more specifically, between the supraocular scale and the rostral scale. It is defined as a sharp ridge in many viperids, but is rounded in most rattlesnakes, for example.

Iris (anatomy) part of an eye

In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye color is defined by that of the iris. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm.

Habitat and conservation

Sphaenorhynchus lacteus is a semi-aquatic frog found in flooded plains, floating meadows, ponds, and large lagoons in forest clearings, at forest edges, and in savanna. It has also been recorded in leaf litter in tropical rainforest, in seasonally flooded agricultural land, and flooded roadside ditches. It occurs at elevations to 300 m (980 ft) above sea level. Males call from floating vegetation and emergent grasses at night. [1] [6]

Sphaenorhynchus lacteus is a common species through most of its range. It can locally be threatened by habitat loss and pollution. Its range includes several protected areas. [1] It can be found in the pet trade. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Sphaenorhynchus</i> genus of amphibians

Sphaenorhynchus is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. They are also known as lime treefrogs or hatchet-faced treefrogs. They are found in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins of South America, the Guianas, Trinidad, and southern and eastern Brazil. The majority of the species are associated with the Atlantic Forest domain in Brazil.

Centrolene ballux is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from a few disjunct localities on the Pacific versant of the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Common names golden-flecked glassfrog and Burrowes' giant glass frog have been coined for it.

"Centrolene" medemi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the Tolima, Caquetá, and Putumayo Departments in Colombia and adjacent Napo in Ecuador. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain. The specific name medemi honors Fred Medem, collector of the holotype. Common name Medem giant glass frog has been coined for it.

"Cochranella" balionota is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. While it is here placed in the genus Cochranella, its placement within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain. It is found in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Common names Mindo Cochran frog and mottled glassfrog has been coined for it.

<i>Ameerega hahneli</i> species of amphibian

Ameerega hahneli is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in the Amazonian lowlands of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname. It is named after Paul Hahnel, the collector of the type series.

Dendropsophus riveroi is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in western Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and southern Colombia. In Ecuador it has been mixed with the newly described Dendropsophus shiwiarum. The specific name honours Juan A. Rivero.

Troschels tree frog species of amphibian

Troschel's treefrog, blue-flanked treefrog or the convict treefrog, Hypsiboas calcaratus or Boana calcarata, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin and the Guianas; it is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. Colombian, Venezuelan, and Surinamese records need confirmation.

Buckleys slender-legged tree frog species of amphibian

Buckley's slender-legged tree frog is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found along the periphery of the Amazon Basin in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, northeastern Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, and also in the Orinoco Delta in Venezuela. It is probably a species complex. Some sources treat Osteocephalus vilmae from Ecuador and Peru as a valid species.

Osteocephalus cabrerai is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Amazon Basin in Brazil (Manaus), northeastern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, and French Guiana, possibly wider. Some earlier records refer to Osteocephalus buckleyi.

Osteocephalus deridens is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Napo and Pastaza River drainages in eastern Ecuador and in the Loreto Region, northern Peru. The specific name deridens is derived from Latin deridere, meaning "make fun of someone". This alludes to the males calling from the treetops that sound "as if they are laughing at the collectors' vain attempts to reach them". Common name funny slender-legged treefrog has been coined for this species.

Osteocephalus fuscifacies is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Ecuador. It is known from the Napo River drainage at intermediate elevations. The specific name fuscifacies is derived from Latin fuscus (=tan) and facies (=face), in reference to the uniform tan-colored loreal region and the lack of a light subocular spot. Common name Napo slender-legged treefrog has been coined for this species.

<i>Scinax ruber</i> species of amphibian

Scinax ruber is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is known in English as the red snouted treefrog or red-snouted treefrog, sometimes also Allen's snouted treefrog, the latter referring to the now-synonymized Scinax alleni. This widespread species is found in much of Amazonian and northern coastal South America and into Panama, as well as in some Caribbean islands as introduced populations. It is a complex containing several cryptic species.

Sphaenorhynchus carneus, the Napo lime treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and in central Amazonia in Brazil. It might also occur in Bolivia.

Sphaenorhynchus dorisae, the Doris' lime treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin of southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru. It might also be present in Bolivia.

Sphaenorhynchus orophilus, or Lutz's lime treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil where it occurs in the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira ranges in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais. However, Araujo-Vieira and colleagues suggests that the Serra da Mantiqueira population could represent Sphaenorhynchus canga; the two species are similar.

Sphaenorhynchus platycephalus, the South American lime treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. This species is only known from the unspecific type locality "Süd-Amerika" ; it cannot be related to any known population of frogs in the wild.

Pristimantis pseudoacuminatus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Amazon basin in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Common name Sarayacu robber frog has been coined for it.

Hemiphractus proboscideus, or the Sumaco horned treefrog, is a species of frog in the Hemiphractidae family. It is found in the upper Amazon basin in extreme southwestern Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru.

Leptodactylus leptodactyloides is a species of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. Its local name is sapito leptodactilo. It is found in the greater Amazon Basin and the Guianas. Leptodactylus leptodactyloides occurs in a range of habitats: savannas, open areas, forest edges, and secondary and primary lowland forest. Reproduction takes place in temporary waterbodies.

<i>Hamptophryne boliviana</i> species of amphibian

Hamptophryne boliviana, also known as the Bolivian bleating frog or Amazon sheep frog, is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is found in the northern and western sides of the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Genetic analysis suggests hidden diversity within the nominal species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 La Marca, E.; Azevedo-Ramos, C.; Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.; Hardy, J. (2004). "Sphaenorhynchus lacteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN. 2004: e.T56015A11409132. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Sphaenorhynchus lacteus". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  4. ↑ Ortiz, D. A.; Read, M.; Ron, S. (2013–2015). "Sphaenorhynchus dorisae Daudin (1800)". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. and Nicolalde, D. A. 2016. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2016.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  5. ↑ Acosta Galvis, A. R.; D. Cuentas (2017). "Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Rodríguez, Lily O.; Duellman, William E. (1994). "Guide to the frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Perú". Special Publication, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. Asociación de Ecología y Conservación, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. 22: 1–80.
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