| Spillmann's tapaculo | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Rhinocryptidae |
| Genus: | Scytalopus |
| Species: | S. spillmanni |
| Binomial name | |
| Scytalopus spillmanni Stresemann, 1937 | |
 | |
Spillmann's tapaculo (Scytalopus spillmanni) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It inhabits the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. [2]
The Spillmann's tapaculo was previously considered a subspecies of brown-rumped tapaculo (Scytalopus latebircola) but was elevated to species rank due to differences in their vocalizations. [3] It and chusquea tapaculo (S. parkeri) form a superspecies. [4] The population in Colombia's eastern Andes might be different enoung to be a subspecies. [5]
Spillmann's tapaculo is 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Males weigh 21 to 30 g (0.74 to 1.06 oz) and females 20 to 29.5 g (0.71 to 1.04 oz). The male is blackish gray above with a dark brown rump. It is lighter gray below with tawny to cinnamon flanks and vent area. Some females are like the male, but most have the upperparts heavily washed with brown and an orange lower belly. The juvenile is brown above and dusky below, with barring above and below. [5]
Spillmann's tapaculo is found in all three Andean ranges of Colombia and south into Ecuador. In the west it extends to Cotopaxi Province and in the east into Morona-Santiago Province. It inhabits the undergrowth of humid montane forest and is especially partial to Chusquea bamboo. It ranges generally from 1,900 to 3,200 m (6,200 to 10,500 ft) but is found locally up to 3,500 m (11,500 ft) and as high as 3,700 m (12,100 ft) in western Napo Province, Ecuador. [5]
Spillmann's tapaculo forages on the ground or near it, mostly for small insects. [5]
Little is known about the breeding phenology of Spillmann's tapaculo, but it probably breeds throughout the year. [5]
The song of Spillmann's tapaculo is a 10 to 20 second trill whose volume and sometime pitch increase . The male and female have several calls such as , , and . [5]
The IUCN has assessed Spillmann's tapaculo as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range and appears to be common throughout it. [1] [5]
Scytalopus is a genus of small passerine birds belonging to the tapaculo group. They are found in South and Central America from Tierra del Fuego to Costa Rica, but are absent from the Amazon Basin. They inhabit dense vegetation at or near ground-level and are mainly found in mountainous regions, particularly the Andes. They can be very difficult to see as they run through the undergrowth in a mouse-like fashion.
The ash-colored tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The neblina tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Andes of northern Peru.
The white-crowned tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Paramo tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in the Andes of Ecuador and southern Colombia.
The Caracas tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The Chocó tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The rufous-vented tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The pale-bellied tapaculo, also known as the matorral tapaculo or rufous-rumped tapaculo, is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The brown-rumped tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The blackish tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Mérida tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The long-tailed tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in the eastern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and far northern Peru.
The chusquea tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in souothern Ecuador and far northern Peru.
The trilling tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Santa Marta tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.
The Nariño tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The Vilcabamba tapaculo is a small passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Utcubamba tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae that the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society split from blackish tapaculo in July 2020. It is endemic to Peru.
The Loja tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae that the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) accepted as a new species in July 2020. It had been classified as a subspecies of paramo tapaculo. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
