Horton Plains National Park is a national park in the central highlands of Sri Lanka that was designated in 1988. It is located at an elevation of 2,100–2,300 m (6,900–7,500 ft) and encompasses montane grassland and cloud forest. It is rich in biodiversity and many species found here are endemic to the region. It is also a popular tourist destination and is situated 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Ohiya, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the world-famous Ohiya Gap/Dondra Watch and 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Nuwara Eliya.
Clinothelphusa kakoota is a species of crab in the family Gecarcinucidae, which is endemic to Sri Lanka. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss, and is listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List. It is known from a single site with an area of less than 100 km2 (39 sq mi). Its nearest relatives are another Sri Lankan endemic genus of crabs, Ceylonthelphusa.
Mahatha is a genus of freshwater crabs endemic to Sri Lanka. Four of the six species are critically endangered due to habitat loss, and two are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Pastilla dacuna is a species of freshwater crab in the monotypic genus in the family Gecarcinucidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Perbrinckia is a genus of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka, named after Per Brinck. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and rivers. It contains 14 species, most of which are included on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered species (CR) or vulnerable species (VU) because they are threatened by habitat loss; only one species is of least concern (LC).
The wildlife of Sri Lanka includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of biological endemism.
Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams is a freshwater ecoregion in Sri Lanka. The ecoregion is listed in Global 200, a list of ecoregions compiled by the World Wide Fund for Nature for conservation priorities. The extensive network of rivers and streams of Sri Lanka drains a total of 103 distinct natural river basins. Several waterfall habitats have been formed as a result of rivers and streams flowing through high and mid elevation areas. The ecoregion spreads over 15,500 km2 in the wet zone of the southwestern part of Sri Lanka. More than a quarter of the freshwater fishes that have been discovered in Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams are endemic. Nine endemic genera of freshwater fishes of Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot Malpulutta are found only in Sri Lanka. Studies suggest that the number of species still to be discovered is quite high. Until recently wetlands in Sri Lanka were used for drainage, construction sites and land fills.
Around 1,300 species of freshwater crabs are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, divided among eight families. They show direct development and maternal care of a small number of offspring, in contrast to marine crabs, which release thousands of planktonic larvae. This limits the dispersal abilities of freshwater crabs, so they tend to be endemic to small areas. As a result, a large proportion are threatened with extinction.
Rohan David Pethiyagoda is a Sri Lankan biodiversity scientist, amphibian and freshwater-fish taxonomist, author, conservationist and public-policy advocate.
Oziotelphusa stricta is a species of freshwater crabs in the family Gecarcinucidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. The species was initially categorized as Near Threatened by the finders, but recent observations included to vulnerable by IUCN Red List due to less abundance is observed localities and much restricted ecology.
Perbrinckia fenestra is a species of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. the species is categorized as vulnerable by founders due to their single locality where tourist destinations are abundant. The site is Batatotalena Cave in Kuruwita. It is rarely found, and known to live under moist rocks, near water sources and under wet litter.
Perbrinckia gabadagei is a species of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. The species was once categorized as vulnerable by founders, but now considered to be critically endangered and probably extinct due to lack of recent evidences since 1996. The species first found from Adam's Peak area. It is very rarely found, and known to live under moist soil, and near water sources.
Perbrinckia glabra is a species of freshwater crab of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. The species is categorized as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List due to their single locality in Horton Plains National Park. Perbrinckia glabra is found primarily under rocks and boulders near shallow streams. Major threats to this species include habitat loss and pollution.
Perbrinckia integra is a species of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. The species is categorized as vulnerable by founders due to habitat destruction and human interference. The species is found around Adam's Peak area only. It is found, and known to live under moist rocks, and near water sources.
Perbrinckia scitula is a species of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. the species is categorized as critically endangered by founders due to their two localities where not protected by law. Very small number can be found among human habitations. The species distributed along Mahaweli River basin, around Deltota and Talawakelle areas.
Perbrinckia uva is a species of freshwater crabs of the family Gecarcinucidae that is endemic to Sri Lanka.
