Staffordiidae

Staffordiidae
	A drawing of an apertural view of a shell of Staffordia daflaensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Helicina
Infraorder:	Limacoidei
Superfamily:	Trochomorphoidea
Family:	Staffordiidae ; Thiele, 1931
Families
	See text

Last updated December 31, 2023

Staffordiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.^[2]

Distribution

The distribution of the Staffordiidae includes only India in the Dafla Hills.^[3]

This area is close to northern margin of the Indian plate.^[3] The historical area of origin of the Staffordiidae has not been researched because the coastal area in southern Asia where it is found became uninhabitable^[3] after the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate collided 50 to 55 million years ago. The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the Palaearctic region and south-eastern Asia.^[3] Thus, it has been hypothesized that the Staffordiidae colonized its current area from the southern margin of the Asian part of the Eurasian Plate during the Oligocene period.^[3]

Genera

Genera within the family Staffordiidae include:

Staffordia Godwin-Austen, 1907^[6] – type genus of the family
- Staffordia daflaensis (Godwin-Austen)^[5]
- Staffordia staffordi Godwin-Austen, 1907^[5]^[6]
- Staffordia toruputuensis Godwin-Austen^[5]

The generic name Staffordia is in honor of Brigadier-General Stafford,^{[ who? ]} who was in command of the punitive force which entered the Dafla Hills for the first time in the winter of 1874–1875.^[6]

The foot of Staffordia is pointed.^[6] The peripodial margin is simple with a narrow pale margin.^[6] There are small right and left shell-lobes.^[6]

Reproductive system of Staffordia: the dart-sac is small, globose, with a long cord-like attachment to a coronal gland.^[6] The penis is simple.^[6] The spermatheca is long.^[6]

The radula of Staffordia has aculeate lateral teeth.^[6]

Comparison of shells of three Staffordia species:

Cladogram

Staffordiidae is considered a sister group of all other families in the limacoid clade.^[3]

The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family and superfamily to the other families within the limacoid clade:^[3]

Related Research Articles

Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stylommatophora</span> Order of gastropods

Stylommatophora is an order of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. Stylommatophorans lack an operculum, but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" (epiphragm) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles, the upper pair of which bears eyes on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are hermaphrodites.

Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea.

Gastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.

Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euconulidae</span> Family of gastropods

Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.

Milacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea.

Ariophantidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.

Urocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, semi-slugs and land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea,.

Trochomorphidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. Since 2017, its classification has been revised and it now belongs to the superfamily Trochomorphoidea

Gastrodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.

Chronidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea within the superorder Eupulmonata.

Dyakiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.

Helicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Limacoidei.

Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs.

The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina

Staffordia toruputuensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Staffordiidae.

Staffordia daflaensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Staffordiidae.

Staffordia staffordi is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Staffordiidae.

Trochomorphoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small to large terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the infraorder Limacoidei.

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.^[6]

↑ Thiele J. (1931). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde Fischer, Jena, 1(2): 632.
↑ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Staffordiidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994727 on 2021-02-22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379–390. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
↑ Barker G. M. (2001) Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. 1–146. In: Barker G. M. (ed.) (2001) The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, cited pages: 139–144. ISBN 0-85199-318-4.
1 2 3 4 Ramakrishna, Dey A. & Mitra S. C. (PDF created 6 April 2010). "Checklist of Indian Land Mollusca" Archived 17 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Zoological Survey of India. accessed 30 June 2010. 65 pp.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Godwin-Austen H. H. (1907). Land and freshwater mollusca of India, including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burma, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malaya Peninsula, Ceylon and other islands of the Indian Ocean; Supplementary to Masers Theobald and Hanley's Conchologica Indica. Taylor and Francis, London. 2: page 184, plate CXIII.

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526